ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืคืกื—ื™ื ืœ"ื— (ืข"ื) โ€“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื”

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื”ืณ ื‘ืื‘ ื”ืณืชืฉืดืž
 
18/07/1980

ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ืชื ื™ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“. ืœืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ืงืžื ืœื—ืฅ ื›ืืŸ.

ืคืกื—ื™ื ืœ"ื— (ืข"ื):

ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื” ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ื‘ืคืกื— ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™' ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื” ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ื‘ืคืกื— ืืชืจื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื• ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืื“ื ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื• ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืชืงื™ืฃ ืœื” ืจื‘ ืคืคื ื‘ืฉืœืžื ืขื™ืกื” ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•) ืขืจื™ืกื•ืชื™ื›ื ืžืฉืœื›ื ืืชืจื•ื’ ื ืžื™ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื’) ื•ืœืงื—ืชื ืœื›ื ืœื›ื ืžืฉืœื›ื ื™ื”ื ืืœื ืžืฆื” ืžื™ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืžืฆืชื›ื ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื ื•ืื™ืชื™ืžื ืจื‘ ื™ื™ืžืจ ื‘ืจ ืฉืœืžื™ื ืืชื™ื ืœื—ื ืœื—ื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื›ื (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื–) ืœื—ื ืขื•ื ื™ ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืชื (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•) ื•ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื›ืœื›ื ืžืœื—ื ื”ืืจืฅ ืžื” ืœื”ืœืŸ ืžืฉืœื›ื ืืฃ ื›ืืŸ ืžืฉืœื›ื ืœื™ืžื ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื™ื” ืขื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืคื˜ื•ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ื—ืœื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ"ืž ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื™ืžื ืžืกื™ื™ืข ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืš ื”ื›ื™ ืงืืžืจ <ืœื™ื”> ืœื™ืžื ืžื“ืคืœื™ื’ื™ ื‘ืขื™ืกื” ื‘ื”ื ืš ื ืžื™ ืคืœื™ื’ื™ ืื• ื“ื™ืœืžื ืฉืื ื™ ื”ืชื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืขืจื™ืกื•ืชื™ื›ื ืขืจื™ืกื•ืชื™ื›ื ืชืจื™ ื–ื™ืžื ื™ ื‘ืขื™ ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืœืงื™ืฉ ืžื”ื• ืฉื™ืฆื ืื“ื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ื‘ื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืืœื™ื‘ื ื“ืจ' ื™ื•ืกื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ืœื™ ืœื ืชื™ื‘ืขื™ ืœืš ื”ืฉืชื ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœื ื ืคื™ืง ื‘ื—ืœืชื• ืžื™ื‘ืขื™ื ื›ื™ ืชื™ื‘ืขื™ ืœืš ืืœื™ื‘ื ื“ืจ' ืขืงื™ื‘ื ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ื ืคื™ืง ื“ืื™ ืžื™ื˜ืžื• ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ื—ืœื” ื“ืื™ ืžื˜ืžื™ื ืœื™ืช ืœื” ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืจื™ืคื” ืื–ืœื ืœื ื ืคื™ืง ืื• ื“ื™ืœืžื ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœื ืงืจื ืขืœื™ื” ืฉื ื•ืื™ื˜ืžื™ ืื™ืช ืœื” ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ื ืคื™ืง ื‘ื” ื”ืฉืชื ื ืžื™ ื ืคื™ืง ืื™ื›ื ื“ืืžืจื™ ื”ื ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ืชื™ื‘ืขื™ ืœืš ื“ื•ื“ืื™ ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื›ื™ ืชื™ื‘ืขื™ ืœืš ื—ืœื” ื”ืœืงื•ื— ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ื•ืืœื™ื‘ื ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืœื ืชื™ื‘ืขื™ ืœืš ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืืžืจื™ ื™ืคื“ื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืขืฉืจ ื›ื™ ืชื™ื‘ืขื™ ืœืš ืืœื™ื‘ื ื“ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื“ืืžืจ ื™ืงื‘ืจ ื“ืชื ืŸ ื”ืœืงื•ื— ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืฉื ื˜ืžื ื™ืคื“ื” ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื™ืงื‘ืจ ืžื™ ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืื™ ืœื ืœืงื•ื— ื”ื•ื™ ื•ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืœื ืงืจื ืขืœื™' ืฉื ื•ืื™ื˜ืžื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ื ืคื™ืง ื‘ื™' ื”ืฉืชื ื ืžื™ ื ืคื™ืง ื‘ื™ื” ืื• ื“ื™ืœืžื ื—ื“ ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืชืจื™ ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ืœื ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื ืžืกืชื‘ืจื ืฉื ืžืขืฉืจ ื—ื“ ื”ื•ื:

ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ "ืœื—ื" "ืœื—ื" ืžื•ื‘ืืช ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืžื ื—ื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืข' (ืข"ื‘) ื•ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืจื™ืฉ ื—ืœื” ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ืœื” ื•ื›ืš ื“ืจืฉื• (ืžื ื—ื•ืช ืฉื):

ืžื ื ื”ื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ ืืžืจ ืจื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ืฉ ืืชื™ื ืœื—ื ืœื—ื ืžืžืฆื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื›ื (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•) ื•ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื›ืœื›ื ืžืœื—ื ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืชื (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื–) ืœื—ื ืขื•ื ื™ ื•ื”ืชื ื’ื•ืคื” ืžื ืœืŸ ืืžืจ ืจื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ืฉ ื•ื›ืŸ ืชื ื ื“ื‘ื™ ืจ' ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื•ื›ืŸ ืชื ื ื“ื‘ื™ ืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืžืจ ืงืจื (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื–) ืœื ืชืื›ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื—ืžืฅ ืฉื‘ืขืช ื™ืžื™ื ืชืื›ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืžืฆื•ืช ืœื—ื ืขื•ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืžื•ืฅ ืื“ื ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ื‘ืคืกื— ื™ืฆืื• ืืœื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืžื•ืฅ ืืœื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืกื™ืจื—ื•ืŸ.

ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืชื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ื–ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื—ืœื” ืขืœ ืžืฆื” ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ "ืฉืœื›ื". ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืœื ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื” "ืฉืœื›ื".
ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืจืง ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืžื•ืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ืœื”.
ื ืจืื” ืฉืกื•ื’ื™ื ื–ื• ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื›ื—, ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื. ื”ื—ืžืฅ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ื•ื”ืœื—ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ื™ืฆืจ.
ื‘ืคืกื— ืื ื• ืžืฉื‘ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืžืฅ ื•ื”ืœื—ื ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื ืขื•ื ื™, ื‘ืœื ื—ื™ืžื•ืฆื•. ืžืคืกื— ืื ื• ืฉื•ืื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื— ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื™ืฆื”"ืจ ื™ืฆ"ื˜. ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ืื ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืœื—ื ื—ืžืฅ, ื•ืžืžืชืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืจืข ื‘ืฉืจืฉื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื›ื™ืœืชื ื• ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืœื—ื.
ื›ืš ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื–ื”ืจ (ืชืฆื•ื” ืงืค"ื’):

ืชืจื™ืŸ ื ื”ืžื™ ืื›ืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื—ื“ ื›ื“ ื ืคืงื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ืื›ืœื• ืžืฆื” ืœื—ื ืขื•ื ื™, ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจื ืœื—ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื, (ื—ื“ ื‘ืคืกื— ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช), ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืฉื ื˜ื– ื“) ื”ื ื ื™ ืžืžื˜ื™ืจ ืœื›ื ืœื—ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ื“ื ืงืจื‘ื ื ื“ื™ื•ืžื ื“ื ื ื”ืžื ืื™ื”ื•, ื•ืขืœ ื ื”ืžื ืืชืงืจื™ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ืงืจื‘ื ื™ืŸ, ื“ื ื”ืžื ืื™ื”ื• ืขื™ืงืจ, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื’ ื™ื—) ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ืชื ืขืœ ื”ืœื—ื ืฉื‘ืขืช ื›ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื’ื•' (ืฉื ื™ื–) ืžืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื›ื ืชื‘ื™ืื• ืœื—ื ืชื ื•ืคื” ื•ื’ื•', ื“ื“ื ืื™ื”ื• ื ื”ืžื ื“ืื—ื›ื™ืžื• ื‘ื™ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื›ืžืชื ืขืœืื” ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ื•ืขืืœื• ื‘ืืจื—ื”ื.
ื”ืฉืชื ืื™ืช ืœืŸ ืœืืกืชื›ืœื, ื‘ืคืกื— ื ืคืงื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื ื”ืžื ื“ืืชืงืจื™ ื—ืžืฅ, ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื’ ื–) ื•ืœื ื™ืจืื” ืœืš ื—ืžืฅ, ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืฉื ื™ื‘ ื™ื˜) ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืื•ื›ืœ ืžื—ืžืฆืช, ืžืื™ ื˜ืขืžื, ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื™ืงืจื ื“ื”ื”ื•ื ื ื”ืžื ื“ืืชืงืจื™ ืžืฆื”, ื”ืฉืชื ื“ื–ื›ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื”ืžื ืขืœืื” ื™ืชื™ืจ, ืœื ื™ืื•ืช ื”ื•ื” ืœืืชื‘ื˜ืœื ื—ืžืฅ ื•ืœื ืืชื—ื–ื™ื ื›ืœืœ? ื•ืืžืื™ ืงืจื‘ื ื ื“ื ื—ืžืฅ ื”ื•ื”, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืกืœืช ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ื—ืžืฅ ืชืืคื™ื ื”, ื•ืชื• ื“ื”ืฉืชื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื ื“ื ืืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข, ื•ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื“ืืชืงืจื™ ื—ื™ืจื• ืืฉืชื›ื—ืช.
ืืœื ืœืžืœื›ื ื“ื”ื•ื” ืœื™ื” ื‘ืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืื™ ื•ื—ืœืฉ, ื™ื•ืžื ื—ื“ ื”ื•ื” ืชืื™ื‘ ืœืžื™ื›ืœ, ืืžืจื• ื™ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืจื™ื” ื“ืžืœื›ื (ืก"ื ืžื™ื›ืœื ื“ืืกื•ื•ืชื) ืืกื•ื•ืชื ื“ื, ื•ืขื“ ื“ื™ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ื” ืœื ื™ืฉืชื›ื— ืžื™ื›ืœื ื•ืžื–ื•ื ื ืื—ืจื ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื, ืขื‘ื“ื• ื”ื›ื™, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ื ืืกื•ื•ืชื, ืืžืจ ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืœื”ืœืื” ื™ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื›ืœ ืžื” ื“ืื™ื”ื• ืชืื™ื‘, ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื™ืœ ืœื ื–ืงื ืœื™ื”.
ื›ืš ื›ื“ ื ืคืงื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืžืฆืจื™ื, ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ื™ื“ืขื™ ืขื™ืงืจื ื•ืจื–ื ื“ืžื”ื™ืžื ื•ืชื, ืืžืจ ืงื•ื“ืฉื ื‘ืจื™ืš ื”ื•ื, ื™ื˜ืขืžื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืกื•ื•ืชื, ื•ืขื“ ื“ื™ื™ื›ืœื•ืŸ ืืกื•ื•ืชื ื“ื ืœื ืืชื—ื–ื™ ืœื”ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื›ืœื ืื—ืจื, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืื›ืœื• ืžืฆื” ื“ืื™ื”ื™ ืืกื•ื•ืชื, ืœืžื™ืขืœ ื•ืœืžื ื“ืข ื‘ืจื–ื ื“ืžื”ื™ืžื ื•ืชื, ืืžืจ ืงื•ื“ืฉื ื‘ืจื™ืš ื”ื•ื, ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืœื”ืœืื” ืืชื—ื–ื™ ืœื•ืŸ ื—ืžืฅ, ื•ื™ื™ื›ืœื•ืŸ ืœื™ื”, ื“ื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ื™ืœ ืœื ื–ืงื ืœื•ืŸ,
ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ื“ื‘ื™ื•ืžื ื“ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืื–ื“ืžืŸ ื ื”ืžื ืขืœืื”, ื“ืื™ื”ื• ืืกื•ื•ืชื ื‘ื›ืœื. ื•ืขืœ ื“ื ืžืงืจื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืžืฅ ืœืืชื•ืงื“ื ืขืœ ืžื“ื‘ื—ื, ื•ืžืงืจื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืจื™ืŸ ื ื”ืžื™ืŸ ืื—ืจื ื™ืŸ ื›ื—ื“ื, ื•ื—ืžืฅ ืืชื•ืงื“ื ื‘ื ื•ืจื ื“ืžื“ื‘ื—ื, ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื™ืœ ืœืฉืœื˜ืื” ื•ืœื ื–ืงื ืœื•ืŸ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ื’ื™ื ื™ ื›ืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื“ื™ืฉื™ืŸ ืืชื“ื‘ืงื• ื‘ื™ื” ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉื ื‘ืจื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืกื•ื•ืชื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื ื“ื, ื•ืืœืžืœื™ ื”ื•ื• ื ื˜ืจื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชืจื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืจื™ืŸ ื“ื ื”ืžื™ ืืœื™ืŸ, ืœื ื”ื•ื• ืขื™ื™ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื ื ืœืขืœืžื™ืŸ. ื‘ื™ื•ืžื ื“ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื“ืื™ื”ื• ื™ื•ืžื ื“ื“ื™ื ื, (ื•ื›ืœ ื™ื•ืžื) ื“ืœืื• ืื™ื”ื• ืืœื ืœืื™ื ื•ืŸ ื“ืœื ื ื˜ืœื• ืžื™ื›ืœื ื“ืืกื•ื•ืชื, ื•ืฉื‘ืงื• ืœืืกื•ื•ืชื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื›ืœื ืื—ืจื ื“ืื™ื”ื• ื—ืžืฅ, ื“ื”ื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื ื“ื ื“ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”, ื”ื”ื•ื ื—ืžืฅ ืกืœืงื ื•ืžืงื˜ืจื’ื ืขืœื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืฉ ื•ืืœืฉื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”, ื•ืื™ื”ื• ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื ื“ื ืžืงื˜ืจื’ื ืขืœ ืขืœืžื, ื•ืงื•ื“ืฉื ื‘ืจื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื™ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ื ื ืขืœ ื›ืœื ื•ื“ืื™ืŸ ืขืœืžื. ื•ื‘ื’ื™ื ื™ ื›ืš ื›ื“ ื™ื”ื‘ ืงื•ื“ืฉื ื‘ืจื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ,ืื˜ืขื™ื ืœื”ื• ืžื”ื”ื•ื ื ื”ืžื ืขืœืื” ื“ื”ื”ื•ื ืืชืจ, ื•ืžื’ื• ื”ื”ื•ื ื ื”ืžื ื”ื•ื• ื™ื“ืขื™ืŸ ื•ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื–ื™ ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ืœืžื”ืš ื‘ืืจื— ืžื™ืฉืจ, ื•ื”ื ืื•ืงืžื•ื” ืžืœื” ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื–ื™ืŸ (ืก"ื ืืœื™ืŸ ื“ืงืืžืจืŸ) ื›ื“ืงืืžืจืŸ.
ืชืจื’ื•ื ื”ืกื•ืœื: ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ ืœื—ื ืื›ืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื—ื“, ื›ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ืื›ืœื• ืžืฆื” ืœื—ื ืขื•ื ื™, ื•ืื—ื“, ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ืฉืื›ืœื• ืœื—ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื. ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื”ื ื ื™ ืžืžื˜ื™ืจ ืœื›ื ืœื—ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื". ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื”, ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื, ื•ืขืœ ื”ืœื—ื ื ืงืจื‘ ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ื”ืœื—ื ื”ื•ื ืขื™ืงืจ, ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ืชื ืขืœ ื”ืœื—ื ืฉื‘ืขืช ื›ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื’ื•' ืžืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื›ื ืชื‘ื™ืื• ืœื—ื ืชื ื•ืคื” ื•ื’ื•'". ืฉื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื ืฉื”ื—ื›ื™ืžื• ื‘ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื›ืžื” ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื”.
ืขืชื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ, ื‘ืคืกื— ื™ืฆืื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื”ืœื—ื ืฉื ืงืจื ื—ืžืฅ, ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘, "ื•ืœื ื™ืจืื” ืœืš ื—ืžืฅ". ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืื•ื›ืœ ืžื—ืžืฆืช" ืžื”ื• ื”ื˜ืขื, ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืœื—ื ื”ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืงืจื ืžืฆื”, ืขืชื” ืฉื–ื›ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืœื—ื ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœื ื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ื—ืžืฅ ื•ืœื ื™ืจืื” ื›ืœืœ. ื•ืœืžื” ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืœื—ื ื”ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ืžืฅ, ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘, "ืกืœืช ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ื—ืžืฅ ืชืืคื™ื ื”". ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข, ื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื ืงืจื ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื ืžืฆืืช.
ืืœื ืœืžืœืš ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื‘ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื•ื ื—ืœื”, ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉืชื•ืงืง ืœืื›ื•ืœ. ืืžืจื• ื™ืื›ืœ ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœืš ืจืคื•ืื” ื–ื• ื•ื˜ืจื ืฉื™ืื›ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืœื ื™ืžืฆื ืฉื•ื ืžืื›ืœ ื•ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช. ืขืฉื• ื›ืš. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื›ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ื”ืœืื” ื™ืื›ืœ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืจื•ืฆื”, ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื–ื™ืง ืœื•.
ื›ืš ื›ืฉื™ืฆืื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืžืฆืจื™ื, ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื•ื”ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ื˜ืขืžื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืจืคื•ืื” ื•ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืื›ืœื• ืจืคื•ืื” ื–ื• ืœื ื™ืจืื” ืœื”ื ืžืื›ืœ ืื—ืจ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื›ืœื• ืžืฆื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ืจืคื•ืื” ืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ื”ืœืื”, ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื ื—ืžืฅ, ื•ื™ืื›ืœื• ืื•ืชื•, ื›ื™ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœื”ื–ื™ืง ืœื”ื
ื•ื›"ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ืฉื ืžืฆื ืœื—ื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืคื•ืื” ืœื’ืžืจื™. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ื—ืžืฅ, ืฉื™ืฉืจืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื•ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืชื™ ื”ืœื—ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ื—ื“, ื•ื”ื—ืžืฅ ื ืฉืจืฃ ื‘ืืฉ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื•ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื•ืœื”ื–ื™ืง ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื–ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืžืชื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืจืคื•ืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘' ืžื™ื ื™ ืœื—ื ืืœื•, ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืขื•ืœื. ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืœืืœื• ืฉืœื ืœืงื—ื• ืžืื›ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื•ืขื–ื‘ื• ืืช ืจืคื•ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืื›ืœ ื”ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืžืฅ, ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”, ื—ืžืฅ ื”ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืœื” ื•ืžืงื˜ืจื’ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ื•ืžืœืฉื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื˜ืจื’ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ ื•ื“ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื–ื” ื›ืฉื ืชืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื˜ืขื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžืœื—ื ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื ืžืžืงื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื, ืžืชื•ืš ืœื—ื ื”ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื•ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ืฉืจ. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืืœื•, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื ื•.

ื”ื–ื”ืจ ืฉื•ืืœ ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉืœื ื ืื›ืœ ืžืฆื” ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื›ื•ืœื”? ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืฆื” ื‘ืคืกื— ื”ื™ื ืจืคื•ืืชื ื• ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœื ื• ื›ื— ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื—ืžืฅ ื•ืœื”ื•ืคื›ื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืจื—ืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”1. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ื—ืžืฅ ื‘ื“ื•ื•ืงื.
ื”ืžืฆื” ื ื•ืชื ืช ืืช ื”ื›ื— ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื”ืฉืœื. ื”ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื—ืžืฅ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืœื—ื ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”. ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ื—ื™ื˜ื” ื”ื™ื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืื‘ื ื•ืืžื ืขื“ ืฉื˜ื•ืขื ื˜ืขื ื“ื’ืŸ.
ื”ืžืฆื” ืงื•ืฉืจืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืืœ ื”ืฉืจืฉ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉื›ื•ืœื• ืื•ืจ ื•ื—ืกื“. ืžื›ื— ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื• ืืœ ื”ืงื“ืฉ ื•ืืœ ื”ืฉืจืฉ, ื›ืœ ืื›ื™ืœืชื ื• ื ืงืฉืจืช ืืœ ื”ืฉืจืฉ, ื•ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื ื• ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื. "ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื ืืœ ื”ืฉืจืฉ".
ืžื›ืืŸ ื‘ืื” ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉืจืง ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืฆื™ื, ืžื”ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฆื”. ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื”, ืœื—ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื”, ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ืžืฅ ืืœ ื”ืฉืจืฉ.
ื’ื ื—ืœื” ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืื•ืชื• ืขื ื™ืŸ. ืืฃ ื”ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืœื” ืžืžืชืงืช ืืช ื”ืœื—ื ื‘ืฉืจืฉื•. ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœื—ื ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื (ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืœื—ืžื”) ื•ื ื•ืชื ืช ื›ื— ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื•ืœื ืฆื— ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
ื”ื—ืœื” ื”ืžื•ืคืจืฉืช ืœื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืœื—ื ื›ื•ืœื• ืœื’ื‘ื•ื” ื•ืžืžืชืงืช ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ.
ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื’ื ื—ืœื” ื‘ืืจ ืจืง ืžืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืฆื™ื, ืžืื•ืชื ืžื™ื ื™ื ืžื”ื ื‘ืื” ื”ืžืฆื”.
ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ืœืžื“ ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื”, ื”ืžืฉื•ื” ืืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื” ืœื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืžืฅ ื•ืžืฆื”, ืฉื‘ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืื ื• ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืื ื• ืฉื•ืืคื™ื ืœืžืชืง ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืจืข ื‘ืฉืจืฉื•.
ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืง ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืžื™ื“ืช ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ2.
ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืชื ื• ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื–ื” ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื” ืฉืชื”ื™ื” "ืฉืœื›ื".
ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืžื™ืชื•ืง ื‘ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืื“ื ื”ืื•ื›ืœ. ืฆืจื™ืš ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ืœืขื™ืกื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื›ื™ืœืชื• ืชืžืชืง ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืœื—ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื•ื™ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื•ืื›ื™ืœืชื• ืžื•ืฆื™ืื” ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ืชื™ืงื•ื ื•.
ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ "ืฉืœื›ื" ื‘ืžืฆื”. ืœื ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื‘ืข, ื›ื™ ืื ื”ืžืฆื•ื”. ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื” ื•ื”ื—ืœื” ื”ื ื”ืžืžืชืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ืื“ื ืคื•ืขืœืช ืžื›ื— ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื•ืœื ืžื›ื— ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื™ื™ืš ื”ืœื—ื ืœืื“ื.


 

1 ืกื™ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉืื›ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื™ืกื•ื“, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื™' "ืขื•ืžื“ ืžื›ืกื ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืกื ืจื—ืžื™ื".
2 ื‘ืžื‘ื•ืื•ืช ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืง.

 

 

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *