ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื™"ื— (ืข"ื) โ€“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื”

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื”ืณ ื‘ืื‘ ื”ืณืชืฉืดืž
 
18/07/1980

ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ืชื ื™ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“. ืœืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ืงืžื ืœื—ืฅ ื›ืืŸ.

ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื™"ื— (ืข"ื):

ืงืจืื” ืขืœ ืคื” ืœื ื™ืฆื ื•ื›ื•': ืžื ืœืŸ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื ืืชื™ื ื–ื›ื™ืจื” ื–ื›ื™ืจื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื›ื ื•ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืชื ื›ืชื‘ ื–ืืช ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžื” ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืืฃ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ.

ื™ืฉ ืžื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื–ื• ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืžืฆื•ืช ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื–ื›ื•ืจ.
ืขื™' ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืกืคืจ ื”ืืฉื›ื•ืœ (ื”ืœ' ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื•ืคื•ืจื™ื ื', ื™'):

ื•ืฉืžืขืช ืžื”ืื™ ืฉืžืขืชื ื“ื–ื›ื™ืจืช ืขืžืœืง ื ืžื™ ืกืคืจ ื‘ืขื™ ื“ืื™ ื”ืื™ ืœื ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžืงืจื ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื ืžื™ ืœื ื‘ืขื™ ืกืคืจ ื“ื”ื ืืชื™ื ื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ื“ืขืžืœืง.

ื•ื‘ืกืคืจ ืจืื‘"ืŸ (ืœืžื’ื™ืœื”):

โ€ฆ ื”ื ืžื” ืื ื™ ืžืงื™ื™ื ื–ื›ื•ืจ, ื‘ืคื”, ืงืจื™ืืช ืคืจืฉืช ืขืžืœืง.

ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ "ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื” ืœืš ืขืžืœืง" ื”ื•ื ื‘ืกืคืจ, ื•ืœื–ื›ื™ืจื” ื–ื• ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืืžื™ืจื” "ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื–ืืช ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ", ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืœืžื“ื• ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” "ื–ื›ื™ืจื”" "ื–ื›ื™ืจื”" ื’ื ืขืœ ืžืงืจื ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืฉืืฃ ื–ื›ื™ืจื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ "ื•ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื•ื ืขืฉื™ื" ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืกืคืจ, ื•ืงืจืื” ืขืœ ืคื” ืœื ื™ืฆืื”.

ื”ื‘ื ืช ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืืจ"ื™

ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืชืคืืจืช. ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืฃ ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืชืคืืจืช ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื "ืชืคืืจืช โ€“ ื–ื• ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”" ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืœืžื“ื• ืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื”.
ื”ืืจ"ื™ ื‘ื‘ืืจื• ืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ื›ืชื‘:

ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืชืงื‘ืœ ืžืชืคืืจืช ืฉื‘ืชืคืืจืช, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ืงื• ื”ืฉื•ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืกื“ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื•ืื– ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื•ื–ื’, ืœื ืจื—ืžื™ื ื’ืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœื ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ืžื•ืจ, ืืœื ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ืœืฉื ื™ื”ื, ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ืชืคืืจืช.

ื”ืชืคืืจืช ืžืžื–ื’ืช. ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืžืžื–ื’ืช ืืช ื”ื—ืกื“ ื•ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืžื—ื™ื™ืช ืขืžืœืง ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืกืคืจ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื”ืฉืคืขืชื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืœืจื—ืžื™ื. ื“ื•ืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืžื” ืฉืกื™ื™ื ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืคืจืฉืช ืขื™ืจ ื”ื ื“ื—ืช ื‘ืื•ืžืจ "ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœืš ืจื—ืžื™ื ื•ืจื—ืžืš".
ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืœืžื“ื ื• ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืจืง ื”ื•ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœืชืงืŸ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื. ื•ื›ืš ืžื‘ืืจ ื–ืืช ื”ืจื‘:

"ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืจื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ ืœื—ื›ืžื™ื: ื›ืœื•ื ื™ืฉ ืื“ื ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืชืงืŸ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื? ืขืžื“ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืชืงื ื”" (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื›"ื—). ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืœืื•ืช ื—ืกื“ ื•ืื”ื‘ื”, ืจืื•ื™ ืœืชืงื ืŸ ื›ืœ ื—ื›ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืžืขืœื” ืจื•ืžืžื” ื›ื–ืืช, ืœืขืจื•ืš ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืœื’ื•ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืขื ื—ื›ื ื•ื ื‘ื•ืŸ. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืฉื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ืืฆื•ืจื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื ืื” ื•ืžืฉื˜ืžื”, ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืื“ื, ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ื›ืœืœ ืฉืœื ืชืžืฆื ื‘ืงืจื‘ื• ืื™ื–ื• ืฉื ืื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืœืื•ื™ื‘ื™ ื ืคืฉื• ื•ืจื•ื“ืคื™ ืขืžื•, ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžืžื™ ืฉื›ื•ืœื• ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืœื”', ืฉืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืฉื ืื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ื• ื›ืœืœ. ื•ืจืง ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชืงืœืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืœื™ื ืžื—ื•ืกืจืช ื”ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ื™ืขืชืจ ืืœ ื”' ืœื”ื“ื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ื• ืื™ื–ื” ืจื’ืฉ ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืœ ืฉื ืื” ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืœื”' ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœืชื”, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืชื’ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืœืฉื ืื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืขืžื“ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืชึดืงื ื” ื•ืจืง ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืืฉืจ ื“ืจืฉ ืชืžื™ื“: "ื‘ื ืคื•ืœ ืื•ื™ื‘ืš ืืœ ืชืฉืžื—", ื•ื”ืกื™ืจ ืžืœื‘ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ืจื’ืฉ ืฉื ืื” ื’ื ืœืฉื•ื ืื™ ื ืคืฉื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ืฉื™ืชืขื•ืจืจ ืœืชืงืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืžื™ื ื™ื ืœื ืชืžืฆื ื‘ื” ื›ื™ ืื ืจื’ืฉืช ืœื‘ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™.

ืืฃ ื›ืืŸ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืœื ื ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžืขืฆืžื ื• ื ืงืžื” ื•ืฉื ืื” ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืจืง ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงืจื ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืคื•ืขืœืช ืจืง ื˜ื•ื‘.

ื”ื‘ื ืช ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืจืž"ืข ืžืคืื ื•

ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืž"ืข ืžืคืื ื• ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื”:

ื’ื–ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ื•ื”ื™ื ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ืชืคืืจืช ื”ื’ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžืกืจืก ื”ืงืœืคื•ืช ื‘ื›ื— ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื›ืจื™ืข ืœืžืขืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื” ืœื”ืฉื•ืืช ืžื“ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ.

ื›ื— ื”ืชืคืืจืช ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื— ืœื’ื–ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื›ื— ื”ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”.
ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉื›ื—ื”1 ื•ื’ื–ื™ืจืชืŸ ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ. ืจืื•ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ื–ื›ื™ืจื”" ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืœืžื“ืช ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื”.
ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ื‘ื ืฆื— ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืจืง ื”' ืžื‘ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืก ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื“ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืชื• ื•ืœื ืจืฆื” ืœื”ื–ื™ืง ืœืื“ื.
ื›ืš ื ืจืื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ. ื—ื–"ืœ ื’ื–ืจื• ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืจืื• ืืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืกื•ืคื• ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ืจืขืชื” ื•ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืชื”. ืœื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื ืฉืืจืช ืจืง ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืก ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœื“ืจืื•ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื›ืžื—ืจื™ื‘ ื•ื”ื•ืจืก ืืช ื”ืงื“ืฉ.
ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ื–ื›ื™ืจืช ืขืžืœืง. ืžืงื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืขืžืœืง ื‘ืขืฉื•, ืฉื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ื ืจืื” ื›ืขืฉื• ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง.
"ื›ื™ ืฆื™ื“ ื‘ืคื™ื•" ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืืœ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืขืฉืจื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืœื—. ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื ืจืื” ืขืฉื• ื•ื”ื™ื• ื ืจืื™ื ืฆืืฆืื™ื• โ€“ ืขืžืœืง โ€“ ื›ืื ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ืžื•ื™ื™ ื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืก.
ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื’ื–ืจื” ืืช ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืชื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื” ืœื ื• ืขืžืœืง ื•ืœืžื—ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื•ืืช ืฉืžื• ืžืชื—ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื.
ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืœืžื“ื• "ื–ื›ื™ืจื”" "ื–ื›ื™ืจื”" ืžืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืœืžืงืจืืช ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืฉืืจ ื‘ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืœื ื• ื–ื›ืจ ืขืžืœืง ื•ืจืฉืขื•ืชื• ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืžื—ื™ื™ืช ืฉืžื•, ื•ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงืœื™ืคืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ.

ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื”ืฉื•ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื”:

ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื“ ื”ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ืฆื•ื ื” ื”ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื ืจืื™ื ื›ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžื”ืœืš ืื—ืจ, ืฉืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ื•ืžื•ื—ืฉ ื ืคื’ืฉืช ืฉื ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื ืคืœืื”.

ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ืžื‘ื˜ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžืŸ ื•ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืืกืชืจ ื›ื”ืžืฉืš ืœืคืจืฉืช ืขืžืœืง. ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขืžืœืง ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืืกืชืจ.
ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืฆื‘ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉื•ื ื”, ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื, ื•ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื”ื.
ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžื ืฆื™ื—ื” ืืช ื”ืจื’ืข. ืืกื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœืชืช ืœืจื’ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ืขื ืขืžืœืง, ืœื—ืœื•ืฃ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืข ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•. ืืœื• ืจื’ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืจืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื ืคืœืื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ "ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื–ืืช ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ" ืœื‘ื™ืŸ "ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื”ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื•ื ืขืฉื™ื". ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืขืžืœืง ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื›ื— ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื ืฆื— ืืช ื”ืจืข ืขื“ ืœืžื—ื™ื™ืชื• ืžืชื—ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื.


1 ืคืจื“ืก ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉืขืจ ื›"ื’ (ืคืจืง ื›"ื): "ืฉื›ื—ื” ืคื™' ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืคืจืฉืช ืžืงืฅ (ื“ืฃ ืงืฆ"ื’ ืข"ื‘) ื›ื™ ืžืฆื“ ื”ืงืœื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉื›ื—ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื–ื›ื™ืจื”. ื•ืขื ื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื ื–ื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืงืœื™ืคื” ื›ื“ืคื™' ื‘ืขืจื›ื•, ืขื›"ื– ื–ื›ื™ืจืชื ื”ื™ื ืœืจืข ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจืข ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื›ื—ื”. ื•ื–ื”ื• (ืื–"ืœ ืื‘ื•ืช ืค"ื“) ื‘"ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ื• ืœื ืขื•ืœื” ื•ืœื ืฉื›ื—ื” ื•ื›ื•' ื›ืžื• ืœื ื™ื’ื•ืจืš ืจืข (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื” ื”)".

 

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *