ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ื“ืจื›ื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ โ€“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ืืณ ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ืณืชืฉืคืดื“
 
11/01/2024

ื‘ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉื ื• ื›ืœืœ ืฉืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืจืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกื›ืช ืื• ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืขืœื™ื” ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจืช.
ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ ืชืจื™"ื’ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื ื• ืžืกื™ื ื™, ื•ืขืœ ืฉืžืŸ ื ืงืจืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”:

ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื ื—ื•ืžื (ื•ืจืฉื) ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื™ืœืš ืกื™ืžืŸ ื‘
ื•ืœื ื ืงืจืืช ืชื•ืจื” ืขื“ ืฉื ืชื ื” ื‘ืกื™ื ื™ ื•ืขืœ ืžื ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ื ืงืจืืช ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืŸ ืชืจื™"ื’ ืชื•ืจื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืชืจื™"ื ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื ืคื—ืชื• ืžืŸ ืชืจื™"ื’ ืืœื• ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื ืชื ื• ืžืคื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”

ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืกืชืคืงื™ื, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืชืจื™"ื’ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืœื ื›ื•ืœื ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”. ืืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ืงื™ื•ื ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืžื” ืจื‘ื“ื™ื: ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืžืขืฉื”.
ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื ืœืขื•ืžืงืŸ ื•ื–ื• ืื—ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ื•ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช.

ืื ื• ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื• ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ืœืš1, ื ื ืกื” ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช.
ื™ืฉื ื” ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืœืš โ€“ ื”ืื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื™ืงืช ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื ื˜ืขืŸ ืื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื—ืฉืฉ ืžืฉืงืจ.
ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื—ืงื™ืจื” ื–ื• ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืื™ื–ื• ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืจืงืข ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืœืš ื•ื ืจืื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืืฃ ื”ืืžื•ืจืื™ื ืฉื—ืœืงื• ืื ื ืฉื‘ืข ืื• ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืœืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืžื—ืœื•ืงืชื ืฉื•ืจืฉื” ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืœืš ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ืœืคื™ ืจ' ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื“ื™ืŸ 'ื”ื™ืœืš' ื ืžืฆื ืชื—ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” 'ื‘ืฆื“ืง ืชืฉืคื•ื˜ ืขืžื™ืชืš' ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืœืš ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ืฉืงืจ ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœืžืœื•ื•ื” ืขืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกื›ื•ื ื•ื”ื•ืจืขื” ืืžื™ื ื•ืชื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉืืจ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”.
ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœืคื™ ืจื‘ ืฉืฉืช ืฉืœื ื”ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ 'ื”ื™ืœืš' ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื™ืœืš ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื ื˜ืขืŸ, ื”ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืœื ื˜ืขืŸ ืžืชื‘ื˜ืœืช ื‘ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”.

ื ื ืกื” ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืืช ื“ื™ืŸ 'ื”ื™ืœืš' ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช 'ื‘ืฆื“ืง ืชืฉืคื•ื˜ ืขืžื™ืชืš':

ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืจืžื‘"ื ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืงืขื•
ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ืงืข"ื• ื”ื™ื ืฉืฆื•ื ื• ืœืžื ื•ืช ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื›ืจื™ื—ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื™ื—ื–ื™ืจื• ื”ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืžื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช ืืœื™ื” ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ื ื•ื™ืฆื•ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื™ื–ื”ื™ืจื• ืžืŸ ื”ืจืข ื•ื™ืขืžื™ื“ื• ื”ื’ื“ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืื–ื”ืจื•ืชื™ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืืžื•ื ืช ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื•ืื™ืฉ.
ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืจืžื‘"ื ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืงืขื–
ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ืงืข"ื– ื”ื™ื ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ืŸ ื•ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืขื ืื•ืจืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืื• ืงืฆื•ืจื. ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจื• ื™ืชืขืœื” (ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื˜) ื‘ืฆื“ืง ืชืฉืคื•ื˜ ืขืžื™ืชืš. ื•ื‘ื ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ืกืคืจื (ืค"ื“ ื“, ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•' ืœ ื) ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื ืื—ื“ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ืฆืจื›ื• ื•ืื—ื“ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื• ืงืฆืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ืš. ื•ื–ืืช ืื—ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื›ื•ืœืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืฆื•ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื”. ื•ื‘ื• ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ื‘ื• ื•ืฉื™ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจื™ื‘ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ื. ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืืžืจื• (ืกื ื”' ื’ ื) ืื—ื“ ื“ืŸ ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืฆื“ืง ืชืฉืคื•ื˜ ืขืžื™ืชืš. ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืขื•ื“ ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื• ืœื›ืฃ ื–ื›ื•ืช (ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•' ื•ืกืคืจื ืฉื) ื•ืœื ื™ืคืจืฉ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืืœื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื—ืกื“. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื‘ืืจื• ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืคื•ื–ืจื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“:
ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืจืžื‘"ื ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืงืขื—
ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ืงืข"ื— ื”ื™ื ืฉืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื“ืขื”ื•. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ืžื™ืชืช ืžื™ ืฉื”ืขื“ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื• ืื• ื”ืฆืœืชื•, ื”ืคืกื“ ืžืžื•ื ื• ืื• ื”ืจื•ื—ืชื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ื–ื” ื›ืœื• ื•ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืื• ืฉืžืขื ื•.

ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื ื˜ืขืŸ:

ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืจืžื‘"ื ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืจืžื”
ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ืจืž"ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื•ืจื ื• ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืงื— ื•ืžืžื›ืจ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ื”ืžื›ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื•ื”ืงื•ื ื”.
ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืจืžื‘"ื ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืจืžื•
ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ืจืž"ื• ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืจื ื• ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื ื˜ืขืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจื• ื™ืชืขืœื” ื•ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืฉืžื• (ืžืฉืคื˜ื™' ื›ื‘) ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืคืฉืข ื•ื›ื•' ืืฉืจ ื™ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื–ื”. ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžื›ื™ืœืชื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืขื“ ืฉื™ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืงืฆืช. ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื ืก ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ืคืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืžืŸ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืงืฆืชื ืขืœ ืงืฆืชื ืฉื™ื›ื ืก ื‘ื”ื ื”ื”ื•ื“ืื” ื•ื”ื›ืคื™ืจื”. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื‘ืืจื• ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืžืงืžื (ื›ื– ื, ืœื” โ€“ ืœื• ื) ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืžืžืฆื™ืขื ื•ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื•ื‘ืฉืฉื™ ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืžืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ืžืžื ื• ืฉืืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืคื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“:
ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืจืžื‘"ื ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืจืžื–
ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ืจืž"ื– ื”ื™ื ืฉืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื”ื ืจื“ืฃ ืžื™ื“ ื”ืจื•ื“ืฃ ืœื”ืจื’ื• ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื”ืจื•ื“ืฃ ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆื•ื•ื™ื ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ื”ืจื•ื“ืฃ ืื ืœื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื”ื ืจื“ืฃ ืืœื ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื”ืจื•ื“ืฃ.

ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ, ืžื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืžื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช? ื”ืื ื–ื” ืžืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืื•ื“ื•ืชืŸ?
ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืงืข"ื•-ืงืข"ื—: ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื›ื™ื ื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜.
ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืจืž"ื” โ€“ ืจืž"ื–: ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื

ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื ื˜ืขืŸ ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื, ืžืชื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืžื›ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื›ืš ื’ื ืžืชื™ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืจื•ื“ืฃ ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”. ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื–ื” ื’ื ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื— ื•ื”ืžืžื›ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื™ืœื™ ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื• ืืข"ืค ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืจื•ื“ืฃ ื”ื™ื ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื™ืœื™ ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ืชื•ื•ืš ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื ื˜ืขืŸ โ€“ ืฉื”ื™ื ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื™ืœื™ ืžืชื•ืš ืกืคืง, ืื ืžื™ ื”ืืžืช? ื”ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืื• ื”ืœื•ื•ื”? ืืข"ืค ืฉื‘ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืœื•ื” ืœืžืœื•ื•ื” ืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื™ืœื™ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื ื˜ืขืŸ ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœื™ืœื™ ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื•ื”ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื.

ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช 'ื‘ืฆื“ืง ืชืฉืคื•ื˜ ืขืžื™ืชืš' ืžื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืขื ืžื›ื•ื ื ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืืช ืกื“ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื”ืงืžืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื”ื’ืขืช ื”ืขื“ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืกื“ืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืฅ.

ื•ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื ืจ' ื—ื™ื™ื ืชื•ืคืก ืืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืœืš ื›ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืืžืช, ืžื—ืฉืฉ ืœืฉืงืจื ื™ื โ€“ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืฉืคื•ื˜ ื‘ืฆื“ืง, ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืžืช โ€“ ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืžืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžื‘ืจืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื“ืง ื•ื”ืืžืช.
ืจื‘ ืฉืฉืช ืคื˜ืจ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืื“ื ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืžืขื•ืชื™ื• "ื›ืžืืŸ ื“ื ืงื™ื˜ ืœื”ื• ืžืœื•ื•ื”", ืœืงื—ื ื•ื”ืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื–ื™ืงื” ืกื“ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื›ืจื™ืข ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืœืœื•ื•ื”.


1 ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ื“ืฃ ื“ ืขืžื•ื“ ื โ€“ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื: ืžื ื” ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื“ืš, ื•ื”ืœื” ืื•ืžืจ: ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืืœื ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื–ื•ื–, ื•ื”ื™ืœืš โ€“ ื—ื™ื™ื‘. ืžืื™ ื˜ืขืžื โ€“ ื”ื™ืœืš ื ืžื™ ื›ืžื•ื“ื” ืžืงืฆืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื“ืžื™, ื•ืชื ื ืชื•ื ื: ืฉื ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช. ื•ื”ื ื”ื›ื, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืชืคื™ืก โ€“ [ืื ืŸ ืกื”ื“ื™ ื“ืžืื™ ื“ืชืคื™ืก] ื”ื™ืœืš ื”ื•ื, ื•ืงืชื ื™ ื™ืฉื‘ืข. ื•ืจื‘ ืฉืฉืช ืืžืจ: ื”ื™ืœืš ืคื˜ื•ืจ. ืžืื™ ื˜ืขืžื โ€“ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ื”ื™ืœืš, ื”ื ื™ ื–ื•ื–ื™ ื“ืงื ืžื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื™ื™ื”ื• โ€“ ื›ืžืืŸ ื“ื ืงื™ื˜ ืœื”ื• ืžืœื•ื” ื“ืžื™, ื‘ืื™ื ืš ื—ืžืฉื™ื โ€“ ื”ื ืœื ืžื•ื“ื™, ื”ืœื›ืš ืœื™ื›ื ื”ื•ื“ืืช ืžืงืฆืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื”.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *