ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืคืจืง ืจืืฉื•ืŸ โ€“ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื” ืื ืคืฉื™ื” ื—ืชื™ื›ื ื“ืื™ืกื•ืจื

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื•ืณ ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ื”ืณืชืฉืกืดื
 
05/10/2000

ืฉื•ื•ื™ื” ืื ืคืฉื™ื” ื—ืชื™ื›ื ื“ืื™ืกื•ืจื (ื˜.)

ืฉืืœื•ืช

ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืคื•ืชื—ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ:

ื”ืื•ืžืจ ืคืชื— ืคืชื•ื— ืžืฆืืชื™ โ€“ ื ืืžืŸ ืœืื•ืกืจื” ืขืœื™ื•.

ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื˜ืขืžื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ:

ื ืืžืŸ ืœืื•ืกืจื” ืขืœื™ื• โ€“ ื•ืืข"ืค ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื ืคืฉื™ื” ื”ื•ื™ ืžื”ื™ืžืŸ ืœืฉื•ื™ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื” ื—ืชื™ื›ื” ื“ืื™ืกื•ืจื ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื” ืœื ืžื”ื™ืžืŸ.

ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช:
1. ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืงื“ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ "ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ื•", ื•ืœื ืคื™ืจืฉ ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืฉื ืืžืŸ ืœืื•ืกืจื” ืขืœื™ื• ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื•ื•ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื” ื—ืชื™ื›ื ื“ืื™ืกื•ืจื?
2. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ "ืืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ื•", ื•ื”ืœื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื’ื ืขืœ ืคื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”ืชื‘ืจืจ? ื•ืขื•ื“, ื”ืจื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืจืฉ ืฉืืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืž"ืž ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื ืคืฉื™ื” ื ืืžืŸ?
ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื›ืชื‘ ืจืฉ"ื™:

ืžืื™ ืงืž"ืœ ืชื ื™ื ื โ€“ ืฉืื“ื ื ืืžืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืœืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืคื™ื•.

ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืจืฉ"ื™ "ืขืœ ืคื™ื•" โ€“ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืืœื• ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืžื™ื•ืชืจื•ืช, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืจืื” ืžื”ืชื•ืก' ืจื™"ื“ ืฉื”ืขืชื™ืง ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืœืœื ื”ื•ืกืคื” ื–ื•.
ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืงื“ืง ื‘ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช (ื›ื” ื‘), ืฉืฉื™ื ื” ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืžืจื (ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ื’ ื‘):

ื”ื•ื“ืืช ื‘ืขืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืžืื” ืขื“ื™ื ื“ืžื™.

ื•ื›ืชื‘:

ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืžืฉื™ื โ€“ ืืช ืขื“ื•ืชื• ืขื“ื•ืช ืืฆืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืœื™ืขืฉื•ืช ืจืฉืข ื•ื”ื ื“ืงื™"ืœ ื”ื•ื“ืืช ืคื™ื• ื›ืžืื” ืขื“ื™ื ื“ืžื™ ื”ื "ืž ืœืžืžื•ื ื ืื‘ืœ ืœืงื ืกื ื•ืœืขื•ื ืฉ ืžืœืงื•ืช ื•ืœื™ืคืกืœ ืœื.

ื•ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขืฆื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ "ืฉื•ื•ื™ื” ืื ืคืฉื™ื” ื—ืชื™ื›ื ื“ืื™ืกื•ืจื", ื”ืงืฉื” ืจืข"ื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœืงืžืŸ (ื›ื‘ ื):

ื”ืืฉื” ืฉืืžืจื” ืืฉืช ืื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื•ื’ืจื•ืฉื” ืื ื™ โ€“ ื ืืžื ืช, ืฉื”ืคื” ืฉืืกืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืคื” ืฉื”ืชื™ืจ.

ื•ื›ืš ื”ืงืฉื”:

ื‘ืžืชื ื™' ืฉื”ืคื” ืฉืืกืจ. ืง"ืœ ืœืžืื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื ืืฉืช ืื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืœื ืžื”ื™ืžื ื ืœื‘"ื“ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื ืืžื ื•ืช ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ืื ืŸ ืืžืจื™' ืฉืื™ื ื• ืืžืช ืืœื ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ื ืื ืคืฉื ื—ืชื™ื›ื ื“ืื™ืกื•ืจื ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืžืช ื•ื’ืจื•ืฉื” ืื ื™ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืืกืจื”?

ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื“ืจื• ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื”.

ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ "ืฉื•ื•ื™ื” ืื ืคืฉื™ื”"

ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืจืง ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืฉืืžืจื” ืืฉืช ืื™ืฉ ืื ื™ (ื›ื‘ ื) ืื• ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ (ื›ื’ ื‘), ืฉื ืืžื ืช ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื•ื™ื ืœื ืคืฉื” ื—ืชื™ื›ื ื“ืื™ืกื•ืจื.
ื•ื”ื’ืžืจื (ื›ื‘ ื, ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื” ืœืขื™ืœ) ืžื‘ืจืจืช ืืช ืžืงื•ืจ ื“ื™ืŸ "ื”ืคื” ืฉืืกืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืคื” ืฉื”ืชื™ืจ":

ื"ืจ ืืกื™: ืžื ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืคื” ืฉืืกืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืคื” ืฉื”ืชื™ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”? ืฉื ืืžืจ: (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื‘) ืืช ื‘ืชื™ ื ืชืชื™ ืœืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืœืืฉื”, ืœืื™ืฉ โ€“ ืืกืจื”, ื”ื–ื” โ€“ ื”ืชื™ืจื”. ืœ"ืœ ืงืจื? ืกื‘ืจื ื”ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืืกืจื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืจื™ ืœื”.

ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื’ืžืจื ืœื ื—ื™ืคืฉื” ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื›ืš ืฉืื ืืžืจื” "ืืฉืช ืื™ืฉ ืื ื™" ืฉื•ื™ื ืœื ืคืฉื” ื—ืชื™ื›ื ื“ืื™ืกื•ืจื, ืืœื ืจืง ืœื›ืš ืฉื‘ื›ื•ื—ื” ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืืกืจื”. ื ืจืื” ืฉืžื›ืืŸ ื™ืฉ ืกืชื™ืจื” ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื1 ืฉื“ื ื• ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื“ื™ืŸ "ืฉื•ื•ื™ื” ืื ืคืฉื™ื”", ืฉื›ืืŸ ืžื’ืžืจื ื–ื• ื ืจืื” ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื—ื–"ืœ.
ื•ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื‘ื‘ื ืงืžื (ืกื“ ื‘) ืœืžื“ื• ืฉื”ืžื•ื“ื” ื‘ืงื ืก ืคื˜ื•ืจ:

"ืืฉืจ ื™ืจืฉื™ืขื•ืŸ ืืœื”ื™ื" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื‘) โ€“ ื•ืœื ื”ืžืจืฉื™ืข ืืช ืขืฆืžื•.

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื–ื”ื• ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืจืง ืขืœ ืงื ืก ืื• ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจืฉื™ืข ืืช ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืงื ืก ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืฉื”ืจื™ ื’ื ื‘ื–ื” ืžืจืฉื™ืข ืขืฆืžื•. ื•ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื‘ ื—, ืขื”"ืค "ืขื“ ื”ืืœืงื™ื ื™ื‘ื") ืžื•ื‘ื:

"ืืฉืจ ื™ืจืฉื™ืขืŸ ืืœืงื™ื" โ€“ ืคืจื˜ ืœืžืจืฉื™ืข ืขืฆืžื•. ืžื›ืืŸ ืืžืจื• ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืžืฉืœื ืงื ืก ืขืœ ืคื™ ืขืฆืžื•.

ืœืคื™ ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื–ื”ื• ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืื“ื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจืฉื™ืข ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื”ืžื•ื“ื” ื‘ืงื ืก ืคื˜ื•ืจ. ื•ืืฃ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช (ื›ื” ื‘ ื“"ื” "ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืžืฉื™ื") ืฉื›ืœืœ ืืช ืื™ ื”ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืงื ืก ืขื ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืื“ื ืžืฉื™ื ืขืฆืžื• ืจืฉืข:

ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืžืฉื™ื โ€“ ืืช ืขื“ื•ืชื• ืขื“ื•ืช ืืฆืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืœื™ืขืฉื•ืช ืจืฉืข ื•ื”ื ื“ืงื™"ืœ (ื‘"ืž ื’ ื‘) ื”ื•ื“ืืช ืคื™ื• ื›ืžืื” ืขื“ื™ื ื“ืžื™ ื”ื "ืž ืœืžืžื•ื ื ืื‘ืœ ืœืงื ืกื ื•ืœืขื•ื ืฉ ืžืœืงื•ืช ื•ืœื™ืคืกืœ ืœื.

ืืฃ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉื—ื™ืคืฉื• ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื›ืš ืฉืื“ื ืื™ื ื• ื ืืžืŸ ืœื”ืจืฉื™ืข ืขืฆืžื•, ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืกื‘ืจื ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืื“ื ื ืืžืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• โ€“ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืจืง ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื. ื•ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ืืžืŸ ืœื”ืจืฉื™ืข ืืช ืขืฆืžื•.
ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืฉืื“ื ื ืืžืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•.
ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ' ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื˜ืœ ื‘ืกืคืจื• "ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื™ื ื™ืฉืœื" (ื‘"ืž ื’ ื‘), ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ืื“ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืคื™ื• ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืžืžื•ืŸ:

ื•ื”ืœื ื›ืœ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ื‘ืคื™ื• ื•ืœื ืื™ื‘ืจื• ืกื”ื“ื™ ืืœื ืœืฉืงืจื™.

ื•ื ืจืื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•, ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืขื“ื™ื, ื–ื”ื• ืžืงืจื” ื—ืจื™ื’, ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื•ืžืฉืื• ื•ืžืชื ื• ื•ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื• ื‘ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื ืืžื ื•ืชื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื•, ื•ืขื“ื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืงืจ ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืขื“ื•ืช ืื•ื‘ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืคืกื•ืง.
ื”ื“ื™ืŸ "ืฉื•ื™ื ืœื ืคืฉื ื—ืชื™ื›ื ื“ืื™ืกื•ืจื" (ื‘ืฆื•ืจืชื• ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื“ืฃ ื›ื‘), ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื”ืคื•ืš ืœื“ื™ืŸ "ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืžืฉื™ื ืขืฆืžื• ืจืฉืข", ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืื“ื ืžืฉื™ื ืขืฆืžื• ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืืš ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืžืฉื™ื ืขืฆืžื• ืจืฉืข. ื•ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ื ืืžื ื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื• ื•ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื•, ื›ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื™ืฉ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื’ื ืขืœ ืกื™ื‘ืช ืื™ ื ืืžื ื•ืชื• ืœืฉื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ืจืฉืข, ื•ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจ"ื™ ืžื’ืืฉ (ืฉื•"ืช ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืคื•):

ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืจืฆื” ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื"ื™ ื•ื ื“ืจ ืฉืœื ื™ืื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืœื ื™ืฉืชื” ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื™ืขืœื” ืœื"ื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื•ื™"ื˜ ื™ื•ืจื™ื ื• ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืื ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ื–ื” ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื ื•ื“ืจ ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื‘ื• ื”ื™ืชืจ ืื ืœืื•.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: ืžื™ ืฉื ื“ืจ ื–ื” ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื ื“ืจื• ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื•ื—ื•ื˜ื ื ืคืฉื• ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ื”ืชื™ืจื” ืœืื“ื ืฉื™ืฆืขืจ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉืžืฆืขืจ ื ืคืฉื• ืื• ืžื™ ืฉืžืฆืขืจ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•. ื•ืœืกื™ื‘ื” ื–ื• ืื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืชื” ืื• ืžืœืงื•ืช ื›ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืžืžื•ืŸ ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจื• ื–"ืœ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื ื–ื™ืจ ื•ื›ืคืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืžืืฉืจ ื—ื˜ื ืขืœ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ื ืคืฉ ื—ื˜ื ืืœื ืฉืฆื™ืขืจ ืขืฆืžื• ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืื ื ืงืจื ื—ื•ื˜ื ืžื™ ืฉืฆื™ืขืจ ืขืฆืžื• ืžื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื›"ืฉ ืฉื™ืงืจื ื—ื•ื˜ื ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฆืขืจ ืขืฆืžื• ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ. ื•ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ืฉืืœ ื‘ื ื“ืจ ื–ื” ืœื—ื›ื ืžื•ืžื—ื” ื•ื™ืชื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืœื• ืื• ืœื’' ืช"ื— ื•ืืข"ื’ ื“ืื™ื ื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืคืชื— ืฉื™ืคืชื— ืœืขืฆืžื• ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ืชืชื™ืจ ืœื• ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ื“ืจ. ื•ื™ื•ื“ื™ืขื• ืืช ื”ื ื•ื“ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ืจื–"ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ื“ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืืœื• ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืžื” ื•ื”ืžืงื™ื™ืžื• ื›ืืœื• ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืขืœื™ื” ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืžื”ืจ ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื• ื–ื” ื•ื™ืฉืืœ ืขืœ ื ื“ืจื• ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื• ื›ืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื’ื–ืจื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœื›ืช'.

ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืฉืื“ื ืื™ื ื• ื ืืžืŸ ืœืฉื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ืจืฉืข ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืคื• ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื• ืœืฆืขืจ ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืื™ ืœืฆืขืจ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื›ืš ืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืื™ ืœืฆืขืจ ืขืฆืžื• ืฉื›ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืคื• ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื•2. ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ื ืืžืŸ ืขืœื™ื•, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžืžื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื“ืืช ื‘ืข"ื“ ื›ืžืื” ืขื“ื™ื, ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื• ืื™ื ื• ื ืืžืŸ ืขืœื™ื•3, ื•ื–ืืช ื”ืกื‘ืจื ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ื•ื—ื™ื“ืฉื” ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ "ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืžืฉื™ื ืขืฆืžื• ืจืฉืข" ืฉืื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื• ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืฉืขื•ืช.
ืžืขืชื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื•ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื•, ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื ืืžืŸ, ื•ืืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ื ืืžืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื.

ื’ื“ืจ "ื‘ื™ื“ื•"

ื”ื’ืžืจื ืœืงืžืŸ (ื›ื‘ ื):

ื"ืจ ื”ื•ื ื ืืžืจ ืจื‘: ืžื ื™ืŸ ืœืื‘ ืฉื ืืžืŸ ืœืืกื•ืจ ืืช ื‘ืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”? ืฉื ืืžืจ: ืืช ื‘ืชื™ ื ืชืชื™ ืœืื™ืฉ.

ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™:

ืฉื ืืžืŸ ืœืืกื•ืจ ืืช ื‘ืชื• โ€“ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื” ืื• ื ืขืจื” ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœืงื“ืฉื” ื›ื“ืืžืจื™' ื‘ืค' ื ืขืจื” ืฉื ืชืคืชืชื” ืžื ื™ืŸ ืฉืื ืืžืจ ืงื“ืฉืชื™ื” ืœืคืœื•ื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืืžืŸ ืœืื•ืกืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ.

ื”ืจื™ ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ืชื ื” ืœืื‘ ื›ื— ืœืงื“ืฉ ืืช ื‘ืชื•, ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ืžืขืžื“ื” ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจื™, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืืžืŸ.
ื ืจืื” ืฉืžื›ืืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื‘ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ (ืค"ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ื™ื’), ืฉืžื—ื“ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ "ื‘ื™ื“ื•":

ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืืคื™' ืื™ืชื—ื–ืง ื”ื™ืชืจื ื ืืžืŸ ืขื“ ืื—ื“ ืœื˜ืžื ื•ืœืืกื•ืจ ื•ืืคื™' ืžื›ื—ื™ืฉื• ืื• ืืžืจ ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ื“ืชื ื™ื ื”ื›ื ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืขืžื• ื‘ื˜ื”ืจื•ืช ื•ืืžืจ ืœื• ื˜ื”ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉื™ืชื™ ืขืžืš ื ื˜ืžืื• ื ืืžืŸ ื•ืžืคืจืฉ ืื‘ื™ื™ ื˜ืขืžื ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื• ื”ืŸ ื”ืจื™ ื”ืŸ ื›ืฉืœื• ื•ื ืืžืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืœืื• ืžื˜ืขืžื ื“ืื™ ื‘ืขื™ ืžื˜ืžื ืœื”ื• ื“ืื™ ื˜ืžืื™ื ื”ื• ื‘ืขื™ ืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื“ืžืฉืžืข ื’ื‘ื™ ืก"ืช ื“ืื™ ืก"ืช ื‘ื™ื“ ืœื‘ืœืจ ื ืืžืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืื–ื›ืจื•ืช ืœืฉืžืŸ ืืข"ืค ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื•ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ืืฉื” ืจื‘ื” (ืคื— ื) ื“ืื™ ืกื‘ืจ ืชื•ืจื ืžืฉืœื• ืขืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื"ืฆ ื“ืขืช ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœืชืงื ื• ื•ืื˜ื• ื‘ืฉื•ืคื˜ื ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ืŸ ืฉื™ืชืจื•ื ืžื˜ื‘ืœื• ืขืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืืœื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœืชืงื ื• ื”ื•ื™ ื›ื‘ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืชืจื ืžืฉืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•.

ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืฉื”ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื"ืฉ:

ื•ืฉืœื• โ€“ ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืชื—ืช ื™ื“ื•.

ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช

ื ืจืื” ืฉืจืฉ"ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืชื™ื ื• ื”ื ื”ืžืฉืš ืœืžืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” (ื‘ ื):

ื‘ืชื•ืœื” ื ืฉืืช ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™, ื•ืืœืžื ื” โ€“ ืœื™ื•ื ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™; ืฉืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืจื•ืช, ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™, ืฉืื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื˜ืขื ืช ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ.

ื•ืฉื ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™:

ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื•ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ โ€“ ืื—ืช ืžืขืฉืจ ืชืงื ื•ืช ืฉืชืงืŸ ืขื–ืจื ื‘ื‘ื‘ื ืงืžื ื‘ืคืจืง ืžืจื•ื‘ื” (ืคื‘) ืžืคืจืฉ ืœื›ื•ืœื”ื• ื•ืœื›ืš ืชืงื ื• ืฉืชื ืฉื ื‘ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉืื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื˜ืขื ืช ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื ื™ืฉื›ื™ื ืœื‘"ื“ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื›ืขืกื• ืขืœื™ื• [ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืฉ] ืฉืžื ื™ืชืคื™ื™ืก ื•ืชืชืงืจืจ ื“ืขืชื• ื•ื™ืงื™ื™ืžื ื” ื•ืฉืžื ื”ื™ื ื–ื™ื ืชื” ืชื—ืชื™ื• ื•ื ืืกืจื” ืขืœื™ื• ื›ื“ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ (ืกื•ื˜ื” ื›ื—) ืžื•ื ืกืชืจื” ื•ื”ื™ื ื ื˜ืžืื” ื•ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื™ื‘ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ืชื‘ืจืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืฉื™ืฆื ื”ืงื•ืœ ืฉืžื ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืขื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืคืจื™ืš ื•ืชื™ื ืฉื ื‘ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช.

ื•ื‘ืืจื ื• ืฉื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืฉืชืงื ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื ืขื ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ืชื•ืจื ื™ื™ื ื•ืชืงื™ื ื™ื. ืžื›ื— ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื–ื•, ืชื™ืงื ื• ื‘"ื“ ืฉื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืฉื ื™ ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื, ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืชื•ืจ ืื—ืจ ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื. ื•ืชื™ืงื ื• ืฉื‘ืชื•ืœื” ืชื™ื ืฉื ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™, ื•ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื˜ืขื ืช ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื, ื™ืฉื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ืœื ืชืชืงืจืจ ื“ืขืชื• ื•ื™ื—ื™ื” ืขื ืืฉืชื• ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ.
ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ื ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืื ืœื ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืื ื• ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ืฉื›ืœ ืžืฉืื• ื•ืžืชื ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืขืœ ืคื™ื•, ื•ื ืืžืŸ ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืœืื•ืกืจื” ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื˜ืขื ืช ืค"ืค ื•ื”ืจื™ ื–ื• ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื” ืื ืคืฉื™ื” ื—ื“"ื, ืฉืื•ืกืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ืืฉืชื•.
ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื‘ืืจื ื•, ื›ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืœืื•ืกืจื” ืžื“ื™ืŸ "ืฉื•ื•ื™ื” ืื ืคืฉื™ื”" ื”ื•ื ื›ื— ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืืœื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืš, ืืš ื‘ืžื” ืฉื ื•ื’ืข ืืœื™ื• ื ืืžืŸ ื•ืื ืŸ ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืฉืืžืช ื”ื•ื, ื•ืœื ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืจืข"ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ื ืืžื ื•ืช ื•ืื ืŸ ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืืžืช.
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืืช "ืคื™ื•"4, ืฉื›ืŸ ื–ื”ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœื ืืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื” ืชื•ืจื” (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื– ื•):

ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ืื• ืฉืœืฉื” ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืžืช ื”ืžืช ืœื ื™ื•ืžืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืขื“ ืื—ื“.

ื ืžืฆื ืฉืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื ืืžื ื•ืช ื™ืฉ: ืคื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื•, ื•ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื.


1 ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื—ืช"ืก ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืชื™ื ื•: "ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ืš ื—ืงื™ืจืช ื—ื›ื ืžืื™ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื—ื›ืž"ืœ ื”ืš ื“ืฉื•ื™' ืื ืคืฉื™' ื—ื“"ื ืžื”"ืช ืžื "ืœ ื•ื—ืคืฉืชื™ ื•ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™, ื›ื™ ืžืื™ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ "ืืช ื‘ืชื™ ื ืชืชื™ ืœืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื”" ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™' ื•ืฆ"ืข". ื•ื‘"ืงืฆื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฉืŸ" (ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจืžื ืก"ืง ื) ื›ืชื‘: "ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื˜ืขื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืืžื™ื ื” ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืžืื” ืขื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื ืžื™ ื˜ืขืžื ื“ืื•ืžืจ ืค"ืค ืžืฆืืชื™ ื ืืžืŸ ืœืื•ืกืจื” ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืฉื•ื™ื” ืื ืคืฉื™ื” ื—ืชื™ื›ื” ื“ืื™ืกื•ืจืโ€ฆ ื“ืื‘ื•ื”ืŸ ื“ื›ื•ืœื”ืŸ "ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื–ื”" ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ืžื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืงืฆืชโ€ฆ", ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื“ ืก"ืง ื“. ื•ื‘"ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉื™" (ื—"ื‘ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฆ) ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”"ืืžืจื™ ื‘ื™ื ื”" (ื“ื™ื ื™ ืขื“ื•ืช ืกื™ืžืŸ ื‘) ืฉื›ืชื‘: "ื•ื”ื ื“ืคืฉื™ื˜ื ืœื™ื” ืœื”ืฉ"ืก ื“ื ืืžืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ "ืื• ื”ื•ื“ืข ืืœื™ื• ื—ื˜ืืชื•" ื—ื–ื™ื ืŸ ื“ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืืžื™ื ืชื• ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืฉื™ืชื›ืคืจ, ื•ืชืœื™ื ืจืง ืื ื ื•ื“ืข ืืœื™ื• ืืฃ ื ื’ื“ ื”ื›ื—ืฉืช ืขื“ื™ื ื•ื›ื•' ื•ืžื–ื” ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื›"ืž ื“ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื“ื ืœืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ ืขืœ ื ืคืฉื• ื—ื“"ื ืืฃ ื ื’ื“ ืขื“ื™ื", ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื‘"ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉื™" ืฉื“ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•.
2 ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจ"ื™ ืžื’ืืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ืžืจื (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื˜ ื‘) "ืื“ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืฆืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืžืฉื™ื ืขืฆืžื• ืจืฉืข", ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ื ืืžืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• โ€“ ืœื ืžืฆื“ ืขื“ื•ืช ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ืงืจื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืืฆืœ ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ืœื ืžืฆื“ ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืื“ื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืื™ ืœืฉื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ืจืฉืข, ื•ืืฃ ืฉืจืฉ"ื™ ืคื™ืจืฉ ืื—ืจืช: "ื“ืื“ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืฆืœ ืขืฆืžื•, ื”ืœื›ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ืจืฉืข", ื”ื’ื“ืจ ืฉืœ ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืื“ื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื• ืขื•ืœื” ื’ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•.
3 ืœืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื™ืชื‘ืืจื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืกื•ื˜ื” (ื™ื‘ ื): ""ื•ืชืงื— ืœื• ืชื‘ืช ื’ื•ืžื" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘) โ€“ ืžืื™ ืฉื ื ื’ื•ืžื? ื"ืจ ืืœืขื–ืจ: ืžื™ื›ืŸ ืœืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืฉืžืžื•ื ื ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื’ื•ืคืŸ", ืฉื›ืŸ ื’ื•ืคื ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื ื›ืžืžื•ื ื.
4 ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ืชื•ื‘ืŸ ืืฃ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื‘"ืž (ื’ ื‘) โ€“ "ื•ืžื” ืคื™ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืžืžื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”, ืขื“ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืžืžื•ืŸ โ€“ ืื™ื ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”", ืฉื–ื”ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœื ืืžื ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ืง"ื• ื ืืžื ื•ืช ื–ื• ืœืขื“ื™ื, ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉ"ื› ืฉื.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *