ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื•ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื‘ืณ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ื”ืณืชืฉืกืดื‘
 
17/12/2001

ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื•ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช

ื•ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืจื—ืœ ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื›ื™ืžื™ื ืื—ื“ื™ื ื‘ืื”ื‘ืชื• ืืชื”1.

ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ืžืขืœื” ืฉืืœื” ื™ื“ื•ืขื”, ื”ืจื™ ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื”ืคื•ืš, ืฉื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืฉืชื•ืงืงื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ, ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ืืœื™ื• ืชืจืื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืืฆืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื’ืจืžื” ืœ"ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื–ืžืŸ"?
ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื.
ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจื•ื‘, ื›ืฉืžืฉืชื•ืงืง ื”ืื“ื ืœืžืฉื”ื•, ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืฆืžื•, ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื”, ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื“ ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืืœ ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืขืจืš ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื”. ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืกื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”. ืžืžื™ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื”, ื•ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื ืจืื” ืืจื•ืš ื•ืžื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžืจื•ื›ื– ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื”.
ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื—ืฉื‘ ื•ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืื—ืจืช. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืขืจืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš, ื•ื’ื ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืกื•ืคื™. ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื” ืœื˜ืขื•ื ืžื˜ืขืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช. ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืืœ ืจื—ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ื˜ืขื ืžืŸ ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช, ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืจื—ืœ.
ื™ืกื•ื“ ื–ื”, ืฉื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื•ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืืœื™ื”, ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื“ ืขืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ.

ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ื‘ื” ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื™ืกื•ื“ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™2:

ืจ' ื‘ื ืื‘ื•ื” ื“ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ื ืžืืจื™ ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื™ ืื—ื ืงื ื” ืื•ืžืจ 'ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื ื• ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”'. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ืื•ืžืจ 'ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื˜ื™ื‘'. ืœื‘ืฉ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืื•ืžืจ 'ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœื‘ื™ืฉ ืขืจื•ืžื™ื'. ื”ืขื•ืฉื” ืกื•ื›ื” ืœืขืฆืžื• ืื•ืžืจ 'ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืฉืจ ืงื™ื“ืฉื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกื•ื›ื”'. ืœืื—ืจื™ื 'ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื• ืกื•ื›ื” ืœืฉืžื•'. ื ื›ื ืก ืœื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ื” ืื•ืžืจ 'ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืฉืจ ืงื™ื“ืฉื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื• ืœื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืกื•ื›ื”'.

ืจ' ื‘ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ืจื›ื”. ืœื ืจืง ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืกื•ื›ื” ืขืฆืžื”, ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ื” ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขื ื™ืŸ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื ื•ืชื ืช ื˜ืขื ื•ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื”ืžื•ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืืœื™ื” (ืœื”ืœื›ื” ืืžื ื ืœื ื ืคืกืง ื›ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื–ื”, ืืš ื”ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ื ืœืžื“ ืžืžื ื• ื ืฉืืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ).

ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”3:
ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขืฆืžื”, ื”ืžื–ืจืžืช ืืช ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™, ืืฉืจ ื ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ืžืฆื•ืœื•ืช ืชื”ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืขื“ืจ ื•ื”ืคืš ื”ืžื’ืžื” ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ืช ืข"ื™ ื ืชื™ื ืช ืจึถื•ึทื— ืœืจื•ื— ื”ืฆื“ืง, ืฉื ืชืŸ ื‘ืชื—ืœื” ื‘ืžื•ืขืงื”, ืชืชืŸ ืขื– ืœืจื•ื— ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืœื—ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืชืงืคื• ื’ื ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ืžื›ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื˜ืขื ื˜ืขืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื™ื• ื”ืžื’ืžืชื™, ื•ืœื ื™ืฉื ืขื•ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื—ืจืคืช ื”ืขืฆืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืžืชื™ื™ื.

ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ืช ื‘ื” ื ื‘ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืžื•ืืจื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื• ื˜ื•ืขืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืืช ื˜ืขื ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช. ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื“ื ืฉืžื— ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืขืฆืžื ื•ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช. ืื•ืœื ื˜ื‘ืขื” ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื”ื•ื, ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืœื—ื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ืขืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื’ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื. ืื ื• ืžื‘ื“ื™ืœื™ื ื”ื‘ื“ืœื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืฅ ืœืคืจื™, ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืืžืช ื’ื ื”ืขืฅ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืœ ื”ืคืจื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื™.
ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื” ืœืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืชื• ื•ื–ื™ื›ื•ื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ, ืขื“ ืฉื’ื ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืคื™ืข ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื™ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืื•ืคืคืช ืื•ืชื• ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืืœ ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช.

ืžืืžืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื ื•ื’ืข ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”4:

ื•ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื ื™ื ื ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืื•ืžืจื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื’ืื•ืœื” ืœืขื•ืœื, ืฉื ืืžืจ 'ื•ืชืืžืจ ืืกืชืจ ืœืžืœืš ื‘ืฉื ืžืจื“ื›ื™'.

ื”ืื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืื•ืžืจื• ืžื‘ื™ืŸ, ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืฉืžื•ืขื” ืื•ืชื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืžืข ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ื”ืฉืชืœืฉืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžื•ืขื” ืขื“ ืืœื™ื•.
ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื ืจืง ืืžื™ืจื” ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชืจ ื•ืืกื•ืจ ื•ื›ื“ื•', ืืœื "ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื", ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืืžื™ืชืชื. ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืจืง ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช, ืžื” ืฉืžื•ืขื” ื–ื• ืื•ืžืจืช ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืืœื ืžื”ื ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืœื™ื“ื• ืืช ื”ืฉืžื•ืขื” ื”ื–ื•. ื’ื ืœืืžืฆืขื™ื ื™ืฉ ืขืจืš ืจื‘ ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.
ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ื’ืื•ืœื”. ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืื™ื ื ื” ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ืœืคืชืข ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืขืœ ืจืืฉื™ื ื•, ืืœื ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื“ื ืœื”. ื›ืœ ืชื”ืคื•ื›ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืคืจื“ ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื’ืื•ืœื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื’ื ื”ื“ืจืš ืืœ ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืœื ืจืง ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื”.
ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ื›ื–ื• ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืœืื“ื ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื”. ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ื‘ืฆื™ืคื™ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืžืขืฉ, ืืœื ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื” ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื™ื•ื ืง ืžืชื›ืœื™ืชื•, ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ืกื™ืคื•ืง ืจื‘ ืœืื“ื ื”ืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื•.

ื•ื›ืš ืฉืžื— ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื‘ืจื—ืœ ื•ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื˜ืขื ื”ืคืจื™ ื’ื ื‘ืขืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื• ื‘ืขืฅ.

ื•ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื›ื™ืžื™ื ืื—ื“ื™ื ื‘ืื”ื‘ืชื• ืืชื”5.


1 ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›"ื˜, ื›"ื•.
2 ืžืก' ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืค"ื˜ ื”"ื‘.
3 ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื•' ืคืกืงื ื–'.
4 ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื˜"ื• ืข"ื.
5 ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›"ื˜, ื›"ื•.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *