ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ (ื“' ืข"ื‘) ื•ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ (ืงื™"ื“ ืข"ื) โ€“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ืžื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื”

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื”ืณ ื‘ืื‘ ื”ืณืชืฉืดืž
 
18/07/1980

ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื“' (ืข"ื‘):

ื•ืชื ื ืžื™ื™ืชื™ ืœื” ืžื”ื›ื ื“ืชื ื™ื (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื“) ื›ื™ ื™ืงื— ืื™ืฉ ืืฉื” ื•ื‘ืขืœื” ื•ื”ื™ื” ืื ืœื ืชืžืฆื ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื›ื™ ืžืฆื ื‘ื” ื•ื’ื•' ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื—ื” ืืœื ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื’) ื ืชืชื™ ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืฉื“ื” ืงื— ืžืžื ื™ ื•ื”ืœื ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื•ืžื” ืืžื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ื ืงื ื™ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืื” ื ืงื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ื–ื• ืฉื ืงื ื™ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืื” ืื™ื ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืชืงื ื” ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ื™ื‘ืžื” ืชื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื ืงื ื™ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืื” ื•ืื™ื ื” ื ืงื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ืžื” ืœื™ื‘ืžื” ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืงื ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ืจ ืชืืžืจ ื‘ื–ื• ืฉื ืงื ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ืจ ืช"ืœ ื›ื™ ื™ืงื— ืื™ืฉ ื”ื ืœืžื” ืœื™ ืงืจื ื”ื ืืชื™ื ืœื” ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ืืฉื™ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืื™ื›ื ืœืžื™ืžืจ ืžืขื™ืงืจื ื“ื“ื™ื ื ืคื™ืจื›ื.

ืงืฆืช ืงืฉื” ื•ืฆ"ืข ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื–ื•. ืื ืื›ืŸ ืžืขื™ืงืจื ื“ื“ื™ื ื ืคื™ืจื›ื ืžื“ื•ืข ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ืš ืจืžื– ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื. ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื˜ืจื— ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืœื” ืงืจื ื•ืœืžื“ื™ื ืžืคืฉื˜ื™ื” ื“ืงืจื ืื• ืžื’"ืฉ.
ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื“ื ื” ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืžื™ื“ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืงื ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื”. ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ืœืžื“ื™ื ืžืคืฉื˜ื™ื” ื“ืงืจื (ืื• ืžื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ืงื™ื—ื” ืงื™ื—ื” ื‘ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ). ื•ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ.
ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืชื™ื ื• ืœืงื ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ, ืื ืœืžื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืžืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืื• ืฉืœืžื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืžืคืฉื˜ื™ื” ื“ืงืจื.
ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. "ื•ื”ืœื ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื". ืื ืื ื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื” ืžืฆื“ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ืฆื“ ื”ื”ื’ื‘ืœื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืงื ื™ืŸ. ืงื ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื” ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืœืื™ืฉ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืœื• ื“ืจืš ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืื™ืฉื” ื•ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื•ืจืฆื” ื”ื•ื ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื ืขืœื™ื” ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื• ืœื“ืจื›ื•1. ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื•ืžืงื‘ืข ืื•ืชื•, ื•ืงื•ื‘ืข ื“ืจืš ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ืœื ืชืง ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ.
ื”ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ืฉื“ื•ื—ื” ืืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ, ืืฃ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื”, ืžืœืžื“ืช ืฉืžืขื™ืงืจื ื“ื“ื™ื ื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืœืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื”.
ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื” ืื™ื ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ืื“ืจื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื’ื ืžืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื—ืกื“ ื•ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื.
ืื—ืช ืžื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื—ืกื“ ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืคื™ืจื•ื“2. ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืžื•ืง ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉ ืœืื™ืฉื”. ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื ื’ื•ืจื ืฉื ื“ืข ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ ื•ื›ืš ื ื•ืฆืจ ืงืฉืจ ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช. ื”ื—ืกื“ ื”ืžื“ื•ืžื” ืฉืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืื“ื ืฉื‘ื ืขืœ ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ืœื™ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืคื™ืจื•ื“ ื•ื ื™ืชื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืชื•ืง ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช.
ืœื›ืŸ ื˜ืจื— ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืœื” ืงืจื ืœืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืงื ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื”, ื•ืืฃ ืฉืขืฆื ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื•ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ืžื•ืœื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืขืžื•ืง ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืกื“. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ื”ื•ื ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื”3 ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ืื• ืฉืœืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ืฉืœ ืžืงืจื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืืฃ ื”ื™ื ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื (ืฉื”ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืชืคืืจืช)4.

ื•ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืงื™"ื“ (ืข"ื) ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื—ืœื‘:

ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ืžื” ืืžื• ืฉืœื ื ืืกืจื” ืขืžื• ื‘ื”ืจื‘ืขื” ื ืืกืจื” ืขืžื• ื‘ื‘ืฉื•ืœื• ืคืจื” ื•ืจื—ืœ ืฉื ืืกืจื• ืขืžื• ื‘ื”ืจื‘ืขื” ืื™ื ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืืกืจื• ืขืžื• ื‘ื‘ืฉื•ืœื• ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื—ืœื‘ ืืžื• ื•ื”ื ืœืžื” ืœื™ ืงืจื ื”ื ืืชื™ื ืœื™ื” ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ืืฉื™ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืื™ื›ื ืœืžื™ืžืจ ืžืขื™ืงืจื ื“ื“ื™ื ื ืคื™ืจื›ื.

ื•ืžื” ืืžื• ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ืขื” ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื—ืœื‘ ืคืจื” ื•ืจื—ืœ ืฉืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ืขื” ืื™ื ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื—ืœื‘. ืืฃ ื›ืืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื—ืœื‘ ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืง"ื• ื•ืžืขื™ืงืจื ื“ื“ื™ื ื ืคื™ืจื›ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืง"ื• ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื—ืœื‘ ืื™ื ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ืืœื ื—ืกื“ ืฉื”ื‘ืŸ ื•ื”ืื ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื›ืžื• ืฉืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ืืฃ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื‘ืฉืœื• ื‘ื—ืœื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœื• ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื™' ืจื—ืžื™ื ืฉืžืชื’ืœื™ื ื•ืœื ื“ื™ืŸ.


1 ืขื™' ืจืžื‘"ื ืจ'ื™ืฉ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื•ืช ืค"ื ื”"ื: "ืงื•ื“ื ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื ืคื•ื’ืข ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ืฉื•ืง ืื ืจืฆื” ื”ื•ื ื•ื”ื™ื ืœื™ืฉื ืื•ืชื” ืžื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ื‘ื•ืขืœื” ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืœืื™ืฉื”. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ืชื•ืจื”, ื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืื ื™ืจืฆื” ื”ืื™ืฉ ืœื™ืฉื ืื™ืฉื” ื™ืงื ื” ืื•ืชื” ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื, ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืœืื™ืฉื”: ืฉื ืืžืจ "ื›ื™ ื™ื™ืงื— ืื™ืฉ, ืื™ืฉื”; ื•ื‘ื ืืœื™ื”""
2 ืขื™' ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฉื ืฉื‘ื• ื•ืื—ืœืžื” ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ืชื‘ " โ€ฆ ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ื”ืฉืจืฉ ื“ื›ืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื•ืคื™ืจื•ื“. ื•ื›ื ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ื—ืกื“ ื•ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™' ืžื™ื ื•ืืฉ. ื•ืžื™ื ื“ืจื›ืŸ ืœื”ืชื“ื‘ืง ื•ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ื•ืง ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืงืžื— ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืกื” ืžืชื“ื‘ืง ื‘ืžื™ื. ื•ืืฉ ื“ืจื›ื• ืœื”ืชืคืจื“ ืฉื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืฉืจืฃ ืžืชืคืจื“. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื— ืžืชื“ื‘ืง ื•ื™ื‘ืฉ ืžืชืคืจื“โ€ฆ ืขื›"ืค ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ื”ืฉืจืฉ ื“ื›ืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื•ืคื™ืจื•ื“ ื•ื›ืœ ื—ืกื“ ื•ืจื—ืžื™ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื ื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืง ื•ื”ื™ื—ื•ื“." (ืกืคืจ ื”ื“ืขื”, ื—"ื ืžืืžืจ ื›ืœืœื™ ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืกืคืจ ืื•ืช ื‘')
3 ื”ื’"ืฉ ื”ื™ื ืงื™ื—ื” ืงื™ื—ื” ื‘ืงื ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ืืฃ ื›ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื, ื›ืš ืœืžื“ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ื“ืฃ ื“' "ืงื™ื—ื” ืงื™ื—ื” ืžืฉื“ื” ืขืคืจื•ืŸ".
4 "ื•ื”ืชืคืืจืช ื–ื• ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”" (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื "ื— ืข"ื)
ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืฉื›ืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืง"ื• ื•ืคืฉื˜ื™ื” ื“ืงืจื:
ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืฉืœื ื• ืชืžืฆื ื‘ื• ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืžืœืชื ื“ืืชื™ื ื‘ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื˜ืจื— ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืœื” ืงืจื (ืคืกื—ื™ื ื™"ื— ืข"ื‘), ื•ืœืžื” ื›ื–ืืช, ื•ืœืžื” ืœื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื›ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉืืจื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™"ื’ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืœืชื ื“ืืชื™ื ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ื•ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืื‘ ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื˜ืจื— ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืœื” ืงืจื (ื”ื’ื ืฉื”ืจ"ืŸ ื–"ืœ (ื ื“ืจื™ื ื’' ืข"ื) ื“ื—ืง ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžื—ืžืช ื”ื›ืจื— ืื™ื–ื” ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืœืชื ื“ืืชื™ื ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ื˜ืจื— ื•ื›ืชื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉ"ืก ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืจืง ืžื™ื“ืช ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ), ื•ืžื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžื” ื™ืฉืชื ื” ื‘ื–ื” ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช. ื•ื’ื ื˜ื•ืจื— ื–ื” ืœืžื” ืœื ื• ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจโ€ฆ ื”ื ื” ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื ืงืจื ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืžืืžืจื ื–"ืœ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืœื ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื, ื›ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ (ื‘ืขืจื›ื ื•) ืขืค"ื™ ืฉื›ืœ, ื•ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื—ืกื“ ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื›ืž"ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœ. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืชืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืขืค"ื™ ืžืืžืจื™ื ื• ืžื“ืช ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื ืงืจื ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืž"ืฉ, ื•ื”ื ื” ื˜ืจื— ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืœื” ืงืจื, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื™ื“ืช ืืœ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื™"ื’ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื—ืžื™ื ื›ื ื•ื“ืข (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœ"ื“ ื•') ื•ืฉื ื"ืœ ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ืกื“ ื’ืžื•ืจ ื›ืžื“"ื ื—ืกื“ ืืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *