ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืงืž"ื— โ€“ ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื›ืณ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ื”ืณืชืฉืดืž
 
09/01/1980

ื”ืžืืžืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœืœื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื. ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื›ืœื™ ืœืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช.

ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ: ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืขืฆืžื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืžืชืงื ืช ืืช ื”ืœืื•. ื”ื‘ื ื” ื–ื• ืžื™ื™ืฉื‘ืช ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื.

ืขืฉื” ื•ืœื ืชืขืฉื”
ืืžืจื” ืชื•ืจื” (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›"ื‘, ื•'-ื–'):

ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึดืงึผึธืจึตื ืงึทืŸ ืฆึดืคึผื•ึนืจ ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึทื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืขึตืฅ ืื•ึน ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึถืคึฐืจึนื—ึดื™ื ืื•ึน ื‘ึตื™ืฆึดื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึธืึตื ืจึนื‘ึถืฆึถืช ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึถืคึฐืจึนื—ึดื™ื ืื•ึน ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึตื™ืฆึดื™ื ืœึนื ืชึดืงึผึทื— ื”ึธืึตื ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึธื ึดื™ื. ืฉืึทืœึผึตื—ึท ืชึผึฐืฉืึทืœึผึทื— ืึถืช ื”ึธืึตื ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึทื‘ึผึธื ึดื™ื ืชึผึดืงึผึทื— ืœึธืšึฐ ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ื™ึดื™ื˜ึทื‘ ืœึธืšึฐ ื•ึฐื”ึทืึฒืจึทื›ึฐืชึผึธ ื™ึธืžึดื™ื.

ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืฉืชื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ื”ืื—ืช ืžืฆื•ืช ืœื ืชืขืฉื”: "ืœื ืชืงื— ื”ืื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื". ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื”: "ืฉืœื— ืชืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื". ื ื—ืœืงื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžื”ื• ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืคื™"ื‘ ืž"ื“):

ื”ื ื•ื˜ืœ ืื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื, ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื•ืžืจ: ืœื•ืงื” ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืœื—, ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ืžืฉืœื— ื•ืื™ื ื• ืœื•ืงื”. ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœืœ, ื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืงื•ื ืขืฉื”, ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืงื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”.

ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ื”ืขืฉื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืœืื• ืืœื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืขืฆืžื•: ืืœ ืœื• ืœืื“ื ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื, ืืœื ืชื—ืช ื–ืืช ืขืœื™ื• ืœืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื. ืœื“ืขืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื”ืขืฉื” ืžืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืœืื• โ€“ ืึดื ืœืงื— ืืช ื”ืื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื, ืขืœื™ื• ืœืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืœืื• ืฉืœ ืœืงื™ื—ืช ื”ืื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื "ืœืื• ื”ื ื™ืชืง ืœืขืฉื”" โ€“ ืœืื• ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชืงื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืฉื”.
ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืžื ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื•ื‘ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

ืฉืืœื•ืช
ื. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ", ื•ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ืžืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืงืŸ, ืืœื ืืช ื”ืื. ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• "ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ืฆืคื•ืจ" (ื›ืš ื”ืงืฉื” ื”ืจื™"ืค ืคืขืจืœื ืขืœ ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืจืก"ื’ ื—"ื‘ ื“ืฃ ืงืก"ื‘ ืขื™ื™"ืฉ).

ื‘. ื™ืฉ ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ืชื‘:

ืžืฆื•ื” ืงืž"ื—, ื”ื™ื ืฉืฆื•ื ื• ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจื• ื™ืช': "ืฉืœื— ืชืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืชืงื— ืœืš".

ื‘ืžื ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืฆืจ ืฉื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื™"ื“ ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื›ืชื‘:

ืœืฉืœื— ื”ืงืŸ, ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ืฉืœื— ืชืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืชืงื— ืœืš".

ื•ื‘ืžื ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืขืœ ืกื“ืจ ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ื›ืชื‘:

ืœืฉืœื— ื”ืื ืึดื ืœืงื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื.

ื‘ืžื ื™ืŸ ืฉืขืœ ืกื“ืจ ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืืช ื”ืขืฉื” ื›ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœืœืื•, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืืช ื”ืขืฉื” ื›ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืขืฆืžื•, ื‘ืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœืœืื• ืฉืœ ืœืงื™ื—ืช ื”ืื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื.

ื’. ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืขืฉื” ื”ื•ื ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœืœืื•. ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืขืฉื” ื”ื•ื ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœืœืื•. ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ื ื•ืชืจ:

ืžืฆื•ื” ืฆ"ื ื”ื™ื ืฉืฆื•ื ื• ืœืฉืจื•ืฃ ื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ื‘ืฉ ื”ืคืกื—, "ื•ืœื ืชื•ืชื™ืจื• ืžืžื ื• ืขื“ ื‘ืงืจ ื•ื”ื ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื ื• ืขื“ ื‘ืงืจ ื‘ืืฉ ืชืฉืจืคื•", ืืžืจื• ื‘ืžื›ื™ืœืชื: ื‘ื ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ืœื ืชืขืฉื”, ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืคืกื—ื™ื ื•ืžื›ื•ืช ื•ื–ื•ืœืชื ืืžืจื• ื‘ื‘ืื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืœืื• ื“ื ื•ืชืจ ืœืื• ืฉื ืชืง ืœืขืฉื” ื”ื•ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืงื™ื ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ื”ืขืฉื” ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉื–ื›ืจื ื• "ื•ื”ื ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื ื• ื‘ืืฉ ืชืฉืจืคื•".

ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื’ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ืคืื”:

ืžืฆื•ื” ืง"ื› ื”ื™ื ืฉืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืคืื” ืžืŸ ื”ืชื‘ื•ืื” ื•ื”ืื™ืœื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื”ื ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจื• ื™ืช' "ืชืขื–ื•ื‘ ืื•ืชื" ืื—ืจ ื–ื›ืจื• ื”ืคืื”, ื•ื ืชื‘ืืจ ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืžื›ื•ืช ืฉื”ืคืื” ื”ื™ื ืœืื• ื”ื ืชืง ืœืขืฉื”, ืืžื ื ื”ืœืื• ืืžืจื• "ืœื ืชื›ืœื” ืคืืช ืฉื“ืš", ื•ื”ืขืฉื” ืืžืจื• "ืชืขื–ื•ื‘ ืื•ืชื".

ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื–ื”ื• ืœืื• ื”ื ื™ืชืง ืœืขืฉื”.

ื“. ื”ื’ืžืจื (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืง"ืž ืข"ื‘) ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ื›ืžื” ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ:

ื‘ืขื™ ืจ' ื™ืจืžื™ื”: ืžื˜ืœื™ืช ืžื”ื• ืฉืชื—ื•ืฅ, ื›ื ืคื™ื ืžื”ื• ืฉื™ื—ื•ืฆื•, ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ืžื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืžื”ื•, ืฉื ื™ ืกื“ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื–ื• ืขืœ ื’ื‘ ื–ื• ืžื”ื•, ื–ื›ืจ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื•ื ืงื‘ื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื›ืจ ืžื”ื•, ืชื™ืงื•.

ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ืœื”ืœื›ื” (ื”ืœ' ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ืคื™"ื’ ื”ื™"ื’-ื™"ื“1):

ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืขื•ืคืคืช, ืื ื›ื ืคื™ื” ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ื‘ืงืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืœื— ื•ืื ืœืื• ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืœืฉืœื—. ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื˜ืœื™ืช ืื• ื›ื ืคื™ื ื—ื•ืฆืฆื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื ืคื™ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืŸ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžืฉืœื—, ื•ืื ืœื ืฉืœื— ืื™ื ื• ืœื•ืงื”.
ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื™ ืกื“ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื•ื›ื ืคื™ื” ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืื• ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืจื•ื‘ืฆืช ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ืžื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ืชื—ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื™ืคื•ืช, ืื• ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืื, ืื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ื–ื›ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืงืŸ ื•ื”ืื ืขืœ ื”ื–ื›ืจ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืงื—, ื•ืื ืœืงื— ื™ืฉืœื—, ื•ืื ืœื ืฉืœื— ืื™ื ื• ืœื•ืงื”.

ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื:

ื•ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืžื” ื—ื™ืœืงืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ืชืจื™ ื‘ื‘ื™, ื•ืœืžื” ืฉื™ื ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื• ื‘ื–ื• ืžื‘ื–ื•.

ืืฃ ืฉื”ื’ืžืจื ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•, ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืคืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื’ืžืจื ืœืฉืชื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช, ื•ืฉื™ื ื” ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื•, ืฉื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืœื›ื” ื™"ื“ ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ: "ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืงื—, ื•ืื ืœืงื— ื™ืฉืœื—". ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื.

ื”. ืขื•ื“ ืคืกืง ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ื”ืœ' ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ืคื™"ื’ ื”ื™"ื˜):

ืืกื•ืจ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื˜ื”ืจ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืจืข ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื”, ื•ืื ืœืงื— ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืœื— ื•ืื ืœื ืฉืœื— ืœื•ืงื”, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขืฉื” ื“ื•ื—ื” ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ื•ืขืฉื” ื•ืœื ืขืฉื” ื“ื•ื—ื” ืขืฉื”.

ืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื”ืจืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืจืข ืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ื—ื” ืืช ื”ืœืื• ื•ื”ืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ.
ื”ืงืฉื” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืžืฉื ื”:

ื™ืฉ ืœืชืžื•ื”, ื“ื”ื ืžืขื™ืงืจื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืืœื ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ืœื‘ื“ ื“"ืœื ืชืงื—", ื•ืื ืœืงื—ื” ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืืœื ืขืฉื” ืœื‘ื“.

ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขืฉื” ื•ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•, ื”ืจื™ ื”ืขืฉื” ื‘ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”"ืœื ืชืขืฉื”", ื•ืื ืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืœืื• โ€“ ืื™ื ื• ืžืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืฉื”, ื•ืื ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืœืื• โ€“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืฉื” ืœื‘ื“ื•. ืžื“ื•ืข ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ "ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ื•ืขืฉื”"?

ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ
ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžืœืžื“ ืฉื”ืขืฉื” ืื™ื ื ื• ืจืง ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœืœืื•, ืืœื ืขื•ืžื“ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•. ื›ืš ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืงืž"ื ืข"ื):

โ€ฆืืžืจ ืœื™ื”: "ืฉืœื—" โ€“ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืื” ืคืขืžื™ื, "ืชืฉืœื—" โ€“ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืืœื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช, ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ื” ืžื ื™ืŸ, ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ "ืชืฉืœื—", ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื. ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ืจ' ืื‘ื ื‘ืจื™ื” ื“ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืจ ืจื‘ื ืœืจื‘ ื›ื”ื ื: ืืœื ื˜ืขืžื ื“ื›ืชื‘ ืจื—ืžื ื "ืชืฉืœื—", ื”ื ืœืื• ื”ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื” ืืžื™ื ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ื” ืœื, ืขืฉื” ื•ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ื”ื•ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืขืฉื” ื“ื•ื—ื” ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ื•ืขืฉื”. ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื ื“ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืฉืงืœื” ืœืื, ื“ืœืื• ืขื‘ืจื™ื”, ืขืฉื” ื”ื•ื ื“ืื™ื›ื, ืœื™ืชื™ ืขืฉื” ื•ืœื™ื“ื—ื™ ืขืฉื”, ืงืžืฉืžืข ืœืŸ.

ื”ื’ืžืจื ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื” ืืช ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ ื›"ืขืฉื” ื•ืœื ืชืขืฉื”". ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ื ืชืงืœ ื‘ืงืŸ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ, ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ื• ืฉืชื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช โ€“ ืขืฉื” ื•ืœื ืชืขืฉื”. ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ืขืฉื” ืื™ื ื ื• ืจืง ืื—ืจ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืœืื•, ืืœื ืขื•ืžื“ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•.
ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื’ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉื ื” (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืคื™"ื‘ ืž"ื’):

ืืžืจ ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ื ื•ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืžืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืœื—, ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ืฉืœื— ืชืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื".

ื”ืจื™ ืฉืื ืœืงื— ืืช ื”ืื โ€“ ื—ืœื” ืขืœื™ื• ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื™ืœื•ื—, ื’ื ืื ืœื ื ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžืœืงื•ืช ืขืœ ืœืงื™ื—ืช ื”ืื, ืืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื โ€“ ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ืช "ืฉืœื— ืชืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื".

ืžื”ื• ื”ืขืฉื” ื•ืžื”ื• ื”ืœืื•?
ื ืจืื”, ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื”ืœืื• ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื•ืงื— ืืช ื”ืื ืขื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื: "ืœื ืชืงื— ื”ืื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื" โ€“ "ืขื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื". ืื ืœืงื— ืืช ื”ืื ืœื‘ื“ โ€“ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืœื•ื—, ื•ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืœืื•2.
ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื“ื•ืงื“ืง ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ื”ืœ' ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ืคื™"ื’). ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™: "ื”ืื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื" ืžื•ื‘ื ืจืง ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ืžืœืงื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืœืื•:
ื”ืœื›ื” ื': ื”ืœื•ืงื— ืื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืฉื—ื˜ื”โ€ฆ ื•ืœื•ืงื” ืขืœ ืฉื—ื™ื˜ืช ื”ืืโ€ฆ
ื”ืœื›ื” ื“': ื ื˜ืœ ืื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืงืฆืฅ ืื’ืคื™ื”โ€ฆ ื•ืื ืžืชื” ืงื•ื“ื ืœื–ื” ืื• ื‘ืจื—ื” ื•ืื‘ื“ื” ืœื•ืงื”โ€ฆ
ื”ืœื›ื” ื™"ื˜: ืืกื•ืจ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื˜ื”ืจ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืจืขโ€ฆ ื•ืื ืœื ืฉื™ืœื— ืœื•ืงื”.
ื ืžืฆื, ืฉื”ืœืื• ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื‘ืœืงื™ื—ืช ื”ืื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื. ืœืงื™ื—ืช ื”ืื ืœื‘ื“ื” ืื™ื ื ื” ืžืฆื•ืช ืœื ืชืขืฉื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืื.
ืื ืœืงื— ื”ืื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื, ื•ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืขืœ ื”ืœืื•, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืœืื• ื•ืœืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื.

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื ืจืื” ืฉื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื:

ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึดืงึผึธืจึตื ืงึทืŸ ืฆึดืคึผื•ึนืจ ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึทื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืขึตืฅ ืื•ึน ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึถืคึฐืจึนื—ึดื™ื ืื•ึน ื‘ึตื™ืฆึดื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึธืึตื ืจึนื‘ึถืฆึถืช ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึถืคึฐืจึนื—ึดื™ื ืื•ึน ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึตื™ืฆึดื™ื โ€“
ื. ืœึนื ืชึดืงึผึทื— ื”ึธืึตื ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึธื ึดื™ื.
ื‘. ืฉืึทืœึผึตื—ึท ืชึผึฐืฉืึทืœึผึทื— ืึถืช ื”ึธืึตื ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึทื‘ึผึธื ึดื™ื ืชึผึดืงึผึทื— ืœึธืšึฐ
ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ื™ึดื™ื˜ึทื‘ ืœึธืšึฐ ื•ึฐื”ึทืึฒืจึทื›ึฐืชึผึธ ื™ึธืžึดื™ื.

ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžื•ืฆื ืื ืจื•ื‘ืฆืช ืขืœ ื”ืืคืจื•ื—ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืฉืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช. ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืื ืœืงื— โ€“ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืœืื•. ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืœืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื โ€“ ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื”.
ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื‘ื• ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืœืื•. ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืœืื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืขืฉื”.

"ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ"
ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืขืฆืžื”, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ".
ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ื (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื˜"ื–, ื‘'):

ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึฐืขื•ึนืฃ ื ื•ึนื“ึตื“ ืงึตืŸ ืžึฐืฉืึปืœึผึธื— ืชึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื™ื ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึนืช ืžื•ึนืึธื‘ ืžึทืขึฐื‘ึผึธืจึนืช ืœึฐืึทืจึฐื ื•ึนืŸ.

ืžื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ"? ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื, ืฉื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืงืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื• ืื ื•ืืคืจื•ื—ื™ื” ืื• ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื”. ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืงื— ืืช ื”ืื ืื• ืืช ื”ืื ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื โ€“ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืงืŸ, ื•ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ: "ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ". ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ" ืขื•ืกืงื•ืช ื‘ืื“ื ื”ืžื•ืฆื ืงืŸ, ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื, ื”ื•ื ืžืคืจืง ื•ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงืŸ.
ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืื ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื. ื. ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆื ืœืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื”. ื‘. ืื ืœืงื— ื”ืื ืขืœ (=ืขื) ื”ื‘ื ื™ื, ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืœืื•, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืงื ื• ืื ื™ืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื.

ืœืื•ืจ ื–ืืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืคื™ืœื” (ืค"ื˜ ื”"ื–), ื”ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ:

ืžื™ ืฉืืžืจ ื‘ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื: ืžื™ ืฉืจื™ื—ื ืขืœ ืงืŸ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื ืœื™ืงื— ื”ืื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืื• ืฉืœื ืœืฉื—ื•ื˜ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืืช ื‘ื ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื™ืจื—ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืฉืชืงื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžืฆื•ืช ืืœื• ื’ื–ืจืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ืŸ ื•ืื™ื ืŸ ืจื—ืžื™ื, ืฉืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืžืคื ื™ ืจื—ืžื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื™ืจ ืœื ื• ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ื›ืœ ืขื™ืงืจโ€ฆ

ื ืจืื” ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื: "ืฉืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืžืคื ื™ ืจื—ืžื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื™ืจ ืœื ื• ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ื›ืœ ืขื™ืงืจ", ืื™ื ื ื” ืจืง ืœื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™, ืืœื ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืฉื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื•ื” ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืœืงื™ื—ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื. ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื“ื ืœืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืืœื™ื• โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ืฉื–ื• ื’ื–ืจืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ืœื ืจื—ืžื™ื.

ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื3 ืžื‘ื•ืืจืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ, ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ื”ื ืžื•ื‘ื ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืœืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื, ืืฃ ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื” ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืœืื•.
ื”ืื ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ืื ื”ืจื•ื‘ืฆืช ืขืœ ื”ืืคืจื•ื—ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื• ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื™ื•ืจื“ ืžืžืขืœืชื• ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื‘ื ื™ื, ื›ืฉื”ื‘ื ื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื•ื—ื˜ื. ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ืื™ืŸ ื”ืื ืžื’ืœื” ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืœืื”.
ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื, ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœืžืงื•ืžื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื”. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื–ื”, ื’ื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ื ื‘ื ื™ื ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ืื ืขื•ืœื” ืœืžืงื•ืžื” ื•ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืžืœื•ื ื”ืฉืคืขืชื”.
ืžืฉืœ ืœืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ืžื”, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฉื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืื•ื–ืŸ, ืœืจื‘ ืฉืขืกื•ืง ืจืืฉื• ื•ืจื•ื‘ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืžื•ืงื™ื, ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืžื“ ืขื ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื•, ื”ื ืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœืžื ื•ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื.
ื™ืฉ "ืœืฉืœื—" ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืงื•ืžื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื ื•ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื”ื. ื’ื ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื™ื™ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื• ื•ื™ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžืขืœืชื•.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื
ืขืœ ืคื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืืœื•, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืืจ ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื.
ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช: ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืฆืจ ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ื”ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืขืฆืžื”, ื•ืื™ื ื ื” ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœืœืื•. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื”. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืชื‘: "ืœืฉืœื— ื”ืงืŸ". ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืชื‘ืืจ, ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื• ื”ืงืŸ ืฉืœื, ื•ื˜ืจื ืœืงื— ื”ืื“ื ืืช ื”ืื ืื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื”, ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื”. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉื”ื™ื "ืœืื• ื”ื ื™ืชืง ืœืขืฉื”", ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืื™ื ื ื” ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืขืฉื” ืฉืื—ืจ ื”ืœืื•, ืืœื ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ื”ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืขืฆืžื”.
ื‘ืžื ื™ืŸ ืฉืขืœ ืกื“ืจ ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื–ื”ื• ืœืื• ื”ื ื™ืชืง ืœืขืฉื”. ืžื“ื•ืข?
ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื.
ืืฃ ืฉื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื›"ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ", ืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ" ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืจืง ื™"ื’ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื•. ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื•.
ื”ื”ืขืจื” ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื”ืžืฉื ื”, ื”ืคื•ืชื—ืช ืืช ืคืจืง ื™"ื‘ ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื "ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ".
ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉืืฃ ื”ืชื•ืกืคืชื ืœื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ื›ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ".
ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคืชื ืžื’ืœื”, ืฉื”ืชื•ืกืคืชื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืื ืจืง ื›ืขืฉื” ื”ืžืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืœืื•, ื•ืœื ื›ืขืฉื” ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืขืฆืžื•.
ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืชื (ืค"ื™ ื”"ื‘):

ื ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืœื ื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืขื“ ืฉืžืชื• ืื• ืขื“ ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื˜ืจืคื” โ€“ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืœืฉืœื—.

ื”ืจื™ ืฉื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื”ืื ืœื‘ื“ื” ืื™ื ื ื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื™ืœื•ื—4.
ื”ืžืฉื ื”, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืœืงื™ื—ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื. ืืช ื”ืœืื• ื•ื”ืขืฉื” ื”ื ื™ืชืง ืืœื™ื• ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืจืง ืœืงืจืืช ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืง.
ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื•ื”ืชื•ืกืคืชื. ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืžืฉื ื”, ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ื”ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืขืฆืžื”, ื‘ืœื ื”ืœืื•. ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”5. ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืœืื“ื ืœื ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืœื ืœืฉืœื— ืื•ืชื”, ืืš ืื ืจื•ืฆื” ื”ื•ื ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืœืงื—ืชื. ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ืคื•ืชื— ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืœืื• ื•ื”ืขืฉื” ื”ืžืชืงืŸ ืื•ืชื•, ืฉืœื ื›ืžื• ื”ืžืฉื ื”.
ื›ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืžื•ืจื” ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื (ื—"ื’ ืคืž"ื—):

ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ื˜ืขื ื’ื ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ, ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ืืฉืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ื“ื’ืจื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื•ื”ืืคืจื•ื—ื™ื ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืืžืŸ, ืื™ื ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืื›ื™ืœื”, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืคืจื—ื” ืœื‘ื“ื”, ืื™ื ื” ืžืฆื˜ืขืจืช ื‘ืจืื™ื™ืช ืœืงื™ื—ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ื”ื ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ื‘ ืœืขื–ื™ื‘ืช ื”ื›ืœ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืœืงื— ืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœืื›ื™ืœื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื.

ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืžืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืืคืจื•ื—ื™ื ืื• ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืœื ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ", ืฉื›ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื” ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉืœ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืœื• ืœืื“ื ืฉืœื ืœื”ื–ื“ืงืง ืœื”.
ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ื‘ืจืžื–ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืขืœ ืกื“ืจ ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื›ืœืื• ื”ื ื™ืชืง ืœืขืฉื”. ื–ื• ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืœื”ืœื›ื”. ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ โ€“ ื”ืื โ€“ ืœื‘ื“ื”, ืื™ื ื ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื”.

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื”: ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืžืฉื ื” ืฉืืœ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื—ื™ืœืง ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ืœืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื, ื•ืฉื™ื ื” ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื•. ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ื”ืœ' ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ืคื™"ื’ ื”ื™"ื’-ื™"ื“):

ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืขื•ืคืคืช, ืื ื›ื ืคื™ื” ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ื‘ืงืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืœื— ื•ืื ืœืื• ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืœืฉืœื—. ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื˜ืœื™ืช ืื• ื›ื ืคื™ื ื—ื•ืฆืฆื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื ืคื™ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืŸ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžืฉืœื—, ื•ืื ืœื ืฉืœื— ืื™ื ื• ืœื•ืงื”.
ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื™ ืกื“ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื•ื›ื ืคื™ื” ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืื• ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืจื•ื‘ืฆืช ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ืžื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ืชื—ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื™ืคื•ืช, ืื• ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืื, ืื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ื–ื›ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืงืŸ ื•ื”ืื ืขืœ ื”ื–ื›ืจ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืงื—, ื•ืื ืœืงื— ื™ืฉืœื—, ื•ืื ืœื ืฉืœื— ืื™ื ื• ืœื•ืงื”.

ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืขืœื” ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช. ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื”, ื•ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืœืื•.
ื”ืขืฉื” ืขื•ืกืง ื‘"ืงืŸ ืฆืคื•ืจ" โ€“ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื ืจื•ื‘ืฆืช ืขืœ ื”ืืคืจื•ื—ื™ื. ื”ื’ืžืจื ื“ื ื” ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉ ืกืคืง ื”ืื ื”ืžืงืจื” ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›"ืงืŸ ืฆืคื•ืจ". ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืกืคืง ื”ืื ื–ื”ื• ืงืŸ ืฆืคื•ืจ, ื•ื”ืื ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื”. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืคื•ืกืง ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืืœื” ืžืฉืœื—, ืืš ืื™ื ื• ืœื•ืงื” ืื ืœื ืฉื™ืœื—.
ื”ืœืื• ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืงืŸ ืฆืคื•ืจ, ื•ื”ืื“ื ืœื•ืงื— ืืช ื”ืื ืขื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื. ื”ืกืคืง ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื•ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืงืŸ, ืืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ืกืคืง ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš "ืื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื". ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื–ื• ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื: "ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืงื—", ืฉื›ืŸ ืื ืœื•ืงื—, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ืกืคืง ืฉืœ ื”ืœืื• "ืœื ืชืงื— ื”ืื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื".

ืืฃ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื™"ื˜ ืžื•ื‘ื ืช:

ืืกื•ืจ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื˜ื”ืจ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืจืข ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื”, ื•ืื ืœืงื— ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืœื— ื•ืื ืœื ืฉืœื— ืœื•ืงื”, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขืฉื” ื“ื•ื—ื” ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ื•ืขืฉื” ื•ืœื ืขืฉื” ื“ื•ื—ื” ืขืฉื”.

ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ ื™ืฉ ืขืฉื” ื•ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืจื•ืื” ืงืŸ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื”, ืื• ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืื ืขื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืœืื•.

 

1 ื‘ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื” ื™"ื’ ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื™"ื“, ืืš ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืจืกื.
2 ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกืž"ื’ (ืขืฉื” ืก"ื”): "ืœืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืงืŸ ืฉื ืืžืจ: 'ืฉืœื— ืชืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื ื•ื’ื•ืžืจ'. ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืชืฆื: 'ื›ื™ ื™ืงืจื” ืงืŸ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืฅ ืื• ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืืคืจื•ื—ื™ื ืื• ื‘ืฆื™ื ื•ื”ืื ืจื•ื‘ืฆืช ืขืœ ื”ืืคืจื•ื—ื™ื ืื• ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ืฉืœื— ืชืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืชืงื— ืœืš'". ื”ืกืž"ื’ ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ ืžื”ืคืกื•ืง ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ืœื ืชืงื— ื”ืื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื", ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืขืฉื” ืื™ื ื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ ืจืง ื‘ืœืื•. ืื ืžืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื, ืืฃ ืื ืœื ืœืงื— ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื โ€“ ืžืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื”. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ืง"ื .
3 ืขื™' ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืคืจืฉืช ื›ื™ ืชืฆื.
4 ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื ื” ืื—ืจืช. ื”ื’ืžืจื (ืงืœ"ื˜ ืข"ื) ื“ื ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืฉืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ืžื•ืงื“ืฉื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ืจืจืช ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ: "ืืœื ื“ืื’ื‘ื”ื” ืœืืโ€ฆ" โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ืฉื›ืฉื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ืืช ื”ืื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื—, ืืฃ ืื ืœื ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื. ื”ื’ื‘ื”ืช ื”ืื ืœื‘ื“ื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืœื•ื—, ืฉืœื ื›ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคืชื.
5 ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ (ืกื™' ืก"ื–) ื“ืŸ ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ืื“ื ืฉื ืชืงืœ ื‘ืงืŸ ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื ืื• ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืŸ ื”ืงืŸ, ื•ืžืกื™ืง ืฉืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื ืืฃ ืื ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื. ื ืจืื” ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉื ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืืจื ื•, ื•ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœืš ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืœื“ืขืชื• ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘, ื•ืื“ืจื‘ื”, ืจืื•ื™ ืœื• ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ื›ืœืœ ืžืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื.

 

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *