ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ื’' (ืข"ื‘) ื•ื›ืจืชื•ืช ื™"ื (ืข"ื‘) โ€“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื”ืณ ื‘ืื‘ ื”ืณืชืฉืดืž
 
18/07/1980

ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ื’' (ืข"ื‘):

ื•ืžืื™ ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ืžื” ืคื™ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืžืžื•ืŸ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ืขื“ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืžืžื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื•ืคื™ื• ืื™ืŸ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืžืžื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ื”ื•ื“ืืช ื‘ืขืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืžืื” ืขื“ื™ื ื“ืžื™ ืžืื™ ืžืžื•ืŸ ืงื ืก ื•ืžื” ืคื™ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืงื ืก ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ืขื“ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืงื ืก ืื™ื ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ืžื” ืœืคื™ื• ืฉื›ืŸ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืชืืžืจ ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื ืœื ืงืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ ืกื‘ื™ืจื ืœื™ื” ื“ืืžืจ ืขื“ื™ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืžืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื“ืชื ืŸ ืืžืจื• ืœื• ืฉื ื™ื ืื›ืœืช ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืœื ืื›ืœืชื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืคื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ ืื ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ื”ื• ืฉื ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืชื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืœื ื™ื‘ื™ืื•ื”ื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืงืœ ืืžืจื• ืœื• ืžื” ืื ื™ืจืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื–ื™ื“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืืœื ืžื” ืœืคื™ื• ืฉื›ืŸ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืืฉื ืืฉื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืืœื ืžื” ืœืคื™ื• ืฉื›ืŸ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื”ื ืœื ืงืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ ืกื‘ื™ืจื ืœื™ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื›ื™ ื“ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื™ื” ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืžืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื™ื” ื—ื•ืžืฉ ืžืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืืœื ืžื” ืœืคื™ื• ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ื›ื—ืฉื” ื•ื‘ื”ื–ืžื” ืชืืžืจ ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉื ืŸ ื‘ื”ื›ื—ืฉื” ื•ื‘ื”ื–ืžื” ืืœื ืืชื™ื ืžืขื“ ืื—ื“ ื•ืžื” ืขื“ ืื—ื“ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืžืžื•ืŸ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ืขื“ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืžืžื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ืžื” ืœืขื“ ืื—ื“ ืฉื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ื ืฉื‘ืข ืชืืžืจ ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ืฉืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื›ืคืจ ื”ื•ื ื ืฉื‘ืข ืืœื ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ืคืคื ืืชื™ ืžื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื“ืขื“ ืื—ื“ ืžื” ืœื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื“ืขื“ ืื—ื“ ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื’ื•ืจืจืช ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ืชืืžืจ ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื“ืžืžื•ืŸ ืงื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ ืคื™ื• ื™ื•ื›ื™ื— ืžื” ืœืคื™ื• ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ื›ื—ืฉื” ืขื“ ืื—ื“ ื™ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื™ืฉื ื• ื‘ื”ื›ื—ืฉื” ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ืžื” ืœืขื“ ืื—ื“ ืฉื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืขื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ื ืฉื‘ืข ืชืืžืจ ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ืฉืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื›ืคืจ ื”ื•ื ื ืฉื‘ืข ืคื™ื• ื™ื•ื›ื™ื— ื•ื—ื–ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื ืจืื™ ื–ื” ื›ืจืื™ ื–ื” ื•ืœื ืจืื™ ื–ื” ื›ืจืื™ ื–ื” ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื•ื” ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื ื” ื•ื›ืคื™ืจื” ื”ืŸ ื‘ืื™ืŸ ื•ื ืฉื‘ืข ืืฃ ืื ื™ ืื‘ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื ื” ื•ื›ืคื™ืจื” ื”ื ื‘ืื™ืŸ ื•ื ืฉื‘ืข ืžื” ืœื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื•ื” ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ื—ื–ืง ื›ืคืจืŸ ืชืืžืจ ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื—ื–ืง ื›ืคืจืŸ ื•ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ืžื™ ื”ื•ื—ื–ืง ื›ืคืจืŸ ื•ื”ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ืื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืจ ืื‘ื™ืŸ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื—ืกื“ื ื”ื›ื•ืคืจ ื‘ืžืœื•ื” ื›ืฉืจ ืœืขื“ื•ืช ื‘ืคืงื“ื•ืŸ ืคืกื•ืœ ืœืขื“ื•ืช ืืœื ืคืจื™ืš ื”ื›ื™ ืžื” ืœื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื•ื” ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื–ืžื” ืชืืžืจ ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉื ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื–ืžื” ื”ื ืœื ืงืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื–ืžื” ืœื ืคืจื™ืš.

ืขื™' ืฉืœ"ื” (ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ืง"ื• ื‘ื’"ืฉ ื•ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืื‘) ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ืฉื”ืง"ื• ื ืฉืืจ ืœืžืกืงื ื” ืขื™"ืฉ.
ืœืคื™"ื– ื™"ืœ ืฉืคื™ื• ืื™ื ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ื›"ื›, ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื›ืจื™ื— ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ืืขืค"ื› ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”, ืขื“ื™ื, ืฉื”ื ืžื›ืจื™ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ืง"ื• ืฉื™ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ื•ื™ื›ืจื™ื—ื• ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™' ื“ื™ืŸ.
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ื“ืชื ืŸ ืืžืจื• ืœื• ืฉื ื™ื ืื›ืœืช ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืœื ืื›ืœืชื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืคื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ ืื ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ื”ื• ืฉื ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืชื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืœื ื™ื‘ื™ืื•ื”ื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืงืœ ืืžืจื• ืœื• ืžื” ืื ื™ืจืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื–ื™ื“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ืคื˜ืจ.

ืจ"ืž ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื "ื—ืžื•ืจื”" ื•"ืงืœ" ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ื”ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ. ืžื™ืชื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœื—ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืžื™ืชื”. ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืœืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”"ืงืœ" ืฉืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ ื”ืฉื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื›ืคืจ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืืช ื—ื˜ืื ื•, ืฉืขื“ื™ื ื™ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื”ื•.
ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืืœื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ืขื“ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื’ื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืขื“ื•ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืื ื”ื™ื” ืžื–ื™ื“ ืื• ืฉื•ื’ื’ ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžื–ื™ืจ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืงืจื‘ืŸ. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืขื“ื•ืช ื’ืžื•ืจื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืงืจื‘ืŸ, ื•ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืคื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืงืจื‘ืŸ.

ืœืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื—ืกื“. ืžื“ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื™"ื’ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžื“ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื™"ื’ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื“ืช "ื-ืœ" ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื“ืช ื”ื—ืกื“1.
ื›ืš ืขื•ืœื” ืžื“ืจืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ ื‘ืžืฉื ืช ื ื’ืขื™ื2 ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื• ืฉืœ "ืชื•ืจืช ืœื•ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง"3.
ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืงื™ืจื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ื—ืกื“. ื›ืžื• ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืžื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื•ืžืงืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”.
ื”ืžื™ืชื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืจื—ื•ืง ื•ื”ืชืคื•ืจืจื•ืช4.
ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ ืฉืื ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ื”ื• ืขื“ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืชื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืง"ื• ืฉื™ื‘ื™ืื•ื”ื• ืœืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืงืœ ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื™ืขืฉื• ืขืžื• ื—ืกื“ ื•ื™ืงืจื‘ื•ื”ื• ืœืžืงื•ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื˜ื”ืจืชื• ื•ื ืงื™ื•ืชื•.


 

1 ืข' ืงื”ื™ืœืช ื™ืขืงื‘.
2 ืฉื: "ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ, ื•ื›ื™ ืžื” ืžื˜ืžื ืœื•, ืื ืชืืžืจ ื›ืœื™ ืขืฆื™ื• ื•ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื• ื•ืžืชื›ื•ืชื™ื•, ืžื˜ื‘ื™ืœืŸ ื•ื”ืŸ ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื. ืขืœ ืžื” ื—ืกื” ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ ื—ืจืกื•, ื•ืขืœ ืคื›ื•, ื•ืขืœ ื˜ืคื™ื•. ืื ื›ืš ื—ืกื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืžื•ื ื• ื”ื‘ื–ื•ื™, ืงืœ ื•ื—ืžืจ ืขืœ ืžืžื•ื ื• ื”ื—ื‘ื™ื‘. ืื ื›ืš ืขืœ ืžืžื•ื ื•, ืงืœ ื•ื—ืžืจ ืขืœ ื ืคืฉ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื•ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื•. ืื ื›ืš ืขืœ ืฉืœ ืจืฉืข, ืงืœ ื•ื—ืžืจ ืขืœ ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืง"
3 ืชื•ืจืช ืœื•ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืขืž' ืฉื "ื– "ื•ืฆื•ื” ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ืคื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืชโ€ฆ ื•ืœื ื™ื˜ืžื ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™"ื“, ืœ"ื•)โ€ฆ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจโ€ฆ ืื ื›ืš ื—ืกื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืžื•ื ื• ื”ื‘ื–ื•ื™ ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืžืžื•ื ื• ื”ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ (ื ื’ืขื™ื ืคื™"ื‘ ืž"ื”). ื™"ื’ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื™"ื’ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื. ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ, ื”ื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืฉื ื-ืœ. ื•ื”ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉืžืฉื” ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ืขืœ ืžืจื™ื ืฉืชืชืจืคื ืžืฆืจืขืชื”, ืืžืจ ืฉื ื-ืœ, "ื-ืœ ื ื ืจืคื ื ื ืœื”" ื”ืจื™ ืฉืฉื ื-ืœ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืจืคื•ืืช ื”ื ื’ืขื™ื. ื•ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” "ื•ืื‘ื™ื” ื™ืจืง ื™ืจืง ื‘ืคื ื™ื”โ€ฆ ืชืกื’ืจ ืฉื‘ืขืช ื™ืžื™ื", ืžื“ืช ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ, ื›ื™ ืžืฉื” ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืฉื ื-ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžื™ื“ืช ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ. ื•ืืฃ ื›ืืŸ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื—ืกื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื ื’ืข ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื™ื˜ืžื ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืจืคื•ืืช ื ื’ืข, ื™ืฉ ืžื“ืช ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ. ืขื›"ืœ".
4 ืข' ื‘ืžื‘ื•ื ื‘ืฉื ื”"ืœืฉื".

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *