ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืคืกื—ื™ื ื›"ื“ (ืข"ื‘) โ€“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ืžื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื”

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื”ืณ ื‘ืื‘ ื”ืณืชืฉืดืž
 
18/07/1980

ืคืกื—ื™ื ื›"ื“ (ืข"ื‘):

ืื™ืกื™ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืžื ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ื—ืœื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ืืกื•ืจ ื ืืžืจ ื›ืืŸ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื“) ื›ื™ ืขื ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืืชื” ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื‘) ื•ืื ืฉื™ ืงื“ืฉ ืชื”ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ ืžื” ืœื”ืœืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืืฃ ื›ืืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืืœื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ื‘ื”ื ืื” ืžื ื™ืŸ ืืžืจืช ืง"ื• ื•ืžื” ืขืจืœื” ืฉืœื ื ืขื‘ื“ื” ื‘ื” ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืืกื•ืจื” ื‘ื”ื ืื” ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ื—ืœื‘ ืฉื ืขื‘ื“ื” ื‘ื• ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืื™ื ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื ืื” ืžื” ืœืขืจืœื” ืฉื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื” ืฉืขืช ื”ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืชืืžืจ ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ื—ืœื‘ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื• ืฉืขืช ื”ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื—ืžืฅ ื‘ืคืกื— ื™ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืฉืขืช ื”ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื•ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื ืื” ืžื” ืœื—ืžืฅ ื‘ืคืกื— ืฉื›ืŸ ืขื ื•ืฉ ื›ืจืช ืชืืžืจ ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ื—ืœื‘ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขื ื•ืฉ ื›ืจืช ื›ืœืื™ ื”ื›ืจื ื™ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขื ื•ืฉ ื›ืจืช ื•ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื ืื” ื•ืื ืื™ืชื ื ื™ืคืจื•ืš ืžื” ืœื›ืœืื™ ื”ื›ืจื ืฉื›ืŸ ืœื•ืงื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจืš ื”ื ืืชืŸ.

ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืงื˜"ื• (ืข"ื‘) ืืžืจื• ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืฉืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœื” ื ืœืžื“ ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื”1 "ืขื ืงื“ื•ืฉ" ื•"ืื ืฉื™ ืงื•ื“ืฉ".
ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ื—ืœื‘ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื2.
ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื‘"ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื—ื™" ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืžืชืขืฆืžืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื—ืœื‘.
ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ื ื• ื‘"ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆืžื—ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืœื•ื"3:

ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื”ื’ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื ื” ื“ื•ืงื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื ื™ืš ื”ื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื—ื“ื• ืืžื ื ื’ื ืžื•ืจื˜ื• ืœืจื’ืœื™ ื”ืฉืคืœืชืš ื•ื–ื•ืœืœื•ืชืš ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ื‘ืฉืจโ€ฆ ื•ื”ื—ืœื‘ ืขืงืจื• ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœืžื™ ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจื• ื‘ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืœืžืœื ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื•โ€ฆ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืขื ื”ื—ืœื‘ ื™ื›ืคื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืจื•ืฉื ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืฉื•ืžื• ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื ื—ืงืง ื’"ื› ืžืขืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืœื ืฆืžื— ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ืจื•ืข ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ืโ€ฆ

ืชื•ืจืชื ื• ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืืœื™ื ื• ื›ืขื ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืœื”', ืฉืื›ื™ืœืชื• ืื™ื ื” ื›ืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช. ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ืงื“ืฉ ื•ืžื‘ื“ื™ืœื” ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื›ืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื.
ื›ืš ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื‘ืืจื• ืืช ืฉื "ืงื“ื•ืฉื”" ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœืกืคืจื• ื‘ื™ื“ ื”ื—ื–ืงื”:

ืกืคืจ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™. ืื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ื• ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืื•ืช ืืกื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืื›ืœื•ืช ืืกื•ืจื•ืช, ืœืคื™ ืฉื‘ืฉื ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืงื™ื“ืฉื ื• ื”ืžืงื•ื ื•ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœื ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช: ื‘ืขืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžืื›ืœื•ืช ืืกื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื ืืžืจ 'ื•ืื‘ื“ื™ืœ ืืชื›ื ืžืŸ ื”ืขืžื™ื' (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›', ื›"ื•), 'ืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื“ืœืชื™ ืืชื›ื ืžืŸ ื”ืขืžื™ื' (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›', ื›"ื“). ื•ืงืจืืชื™ ืฉื ืกืคืจ ื–ื” ืกืคืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉื”.

ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœืœื” ื”ื™ื ืœืจื•ืžื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”4. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื–ื•ืœืœื ื•ืช ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืชื ื•.
ืžื›ืืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ื—ืœื‘ ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ื’ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” "ืขื ืงื“ื•ืฉ" "ืื ืฉื™ ืงื•ื“ืฉ". ื’ื ืขืฆื ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื” ืœืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื ื•ื’ื ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืžืฉืจืฉ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ื—ืœื‘.
ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื™ืกื™ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœื” ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื ืื”. ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื ืœืžื“ ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื”. ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื ืื” ื ืœืžื“ ื‘ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ.
ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ื ืขืฉื” ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืื“ื. ืœื ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื›ืœ ืœืื“ื ื•ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžืื™ืฉื™ื•ืชื•. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืจื” "ืขื ืงื“ื•ืฉ" ื•"ืื ืฉื™ ืงื•ื“ืฉ".
ื”ื ืื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืื“ื ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื”ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื”ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืื”.
ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื ืื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืงื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืื“ื5, ื•ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ืœ ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœืื“ื.
ื”ืจื™ื—ื•ืง ื‘ื ืžืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื ืื” ื ืœืžื“ ื‘ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ.
ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขืจืœื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ืื“ื. ื›ืš ืืžืจื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื', ื›"ื˜):

ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื”ื ื” ื ืชืชื™ ืœื›ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืขืฉื‘ ื–ืจืข ื–ื•ืจืข ืืฉืจ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขืฅ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื• ืคืจื™ ื–ืจืข ื–ึธืจืข ืœื›ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืื›ืœื”.

ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืชื™ืจื” ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื”ื ืื” ืื—ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืื– ื”ื ื ืขืฉื™ื "ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื" ืœืื“ื. ืื ื”ืจื—ื™ืงื” ืชื•ืจื” ืขืจืœื” ื•ืืกืจืชื• ื‘ื”ื ืื” ืืฃ ืฉืœื ื ืขื‘ื“ื” ื‘ื• ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื•ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืื“ื ืง"ื• ืœื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื—ืœื‘ ืฉื ืขื‘ื“ื” ื‘ื• ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืจืื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืงื• ื•ืœืื•ืกืจื• ื‘ื”ื ืื”.


1 ื›ืš ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืžืจื "ืœืžื” ืœื™ ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ืœื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ื•ืœื” ื‘ืง"ื• ืžืขืจืœื” ื•ืžื” ืขืจืœื” ืฉืœื ื ืขื‘ื“ื” ื‘ื” ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืืกื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืื” ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ื—ืœื‘ ืฉื ืขื‘ื“ื” ื‘ื• ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืื™ื ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืื”"
2 ื›ืš ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืืจ"ื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื”: "ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืชืงื‘ืœ ืžืชืคืืจืช ืฉื‘ืชืคืืจืช, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ืงื• ื”ืฉื•ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•"ื’, ื•ืื– ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื•ื–ื’, ืœื ืจื—ืžื™ื ื’ืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœื ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ืžื•ืจื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื–ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ืœืฉื ื™ื”ื, ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ืชืคืืจืช" ื•ื›ื•' ืขื™ื™"ืฉ.
3 ื›ืš ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืชื”:
ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ืงื ื™ื ื• ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขื”"ื—, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ื ื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื›ื—ืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ื”ื ื—ืœื‘ืช ื•ืฆืžืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื’ื–ื–ืช, ื”ื ื” ื ื–ืจืข ืื•ืจ ื–ืจื•ืข ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืืœื”ื™ืช ืฉืชืฆื ืฆืžื—ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ื”ืขืจื” ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื“ื™ื ื”, ืฉื’ื ื‘ืืœื” ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืจืฉืžื™ ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ืจื’ืฉื™ ืžื•ืกืจ ื™ืงืจื™ื ืœืื•ืช, ืฉื›"ื› ื™ื”ื™ื• ืจืžื™ื ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืฉืœืžื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื”ื”ืฉืชืจืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืชื™ืจื” ื‘ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืจื’ืฉื™ ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ืžื•ืกืจ โ€“ ืฉื”ืื“ื ื‘ื—ื•ืœืฉืช ืื”ื‘ืช ืขืฆืžื• ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื›ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื ื’ืฉ ืืœ ื”ืคืจื” ื”ืขื ื™ื”, ื•ืืœ ื”ืจื—ืœ ื”ื ืืœืžื” ื•ื ื•ื˜ืœ ืžื–ืืช ืืช ื—ืœื‘ื”, ื•ืžื–ืืช ืืช ืฆืžืจื” โ€“ ืœื ืชืชืื™ื ืขื ื”ื”ืขืจื” ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื‘ืื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ ื”ืชืžืœืื•ืช ื”ื”ืขืจื” ื”ืชื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืชื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืžื—ื•ื–ืง ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ืฉืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื“' ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืžื•, ืฉืชืชื ืฉื ื‘ื›ื— ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”.
ืจืื•ื™ ืืžื ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืคื’ื ืžื•ืกืจื™ ืื ื™ื•ืงื— ื”ืฆืžืจ ืžื”ื›ื‘ืฉ, ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื’ื ืœื‘ืขืœ ื”ืฆืžืจ, ื”ื›ื‘ืฉ ืขืฆืžื•, ื™ืงืœ ืข"ื™ ื–ื” ืžืฉืื•, ื•ืขื›"ืค ืœื ื™ืฆืจ ืœื• ื•ืœื ื™ื–ื™ืง ืœื•, ืื‘ืœ ืžื’ื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื›ืฉื ื•ื˜ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืœื”ื ืืชื•, ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื”ืืžืชื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื, ื”ื›ื‘ืฉ ืขืฆืžื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•, ืื– ืจืื•ื™ ืžืฆื“ ื”ื”ืขืจื” ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ืช ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื’ื–ืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื‘ื ืจืง ืžืชื’ืจืช ื™ื“ ื”ืชืงื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืฉ.
ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืขื ื”ื—ืœื‘ ื”ื ื—ืœื‘, ืจืื•ื™ ื’"ื› ืœืชืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืชืฆื ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืจืื•ื™ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื™ื—ืฉ ืืžื ื ืœืœืงื™ื—ืช ื”ื—ืœื‘ ืžื‘ืขื”"ื— ืขื ืœืงื™ื—ืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ื•ื‘ืฉืจื• ืžืžื ื•, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉืขื” ื•ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืžืฆืขืจื• ื•ื”ืžื•ื ืข ืžืžื ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืชื•ืขืœืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื ืื•ืชื” ืœื•.
ืขืค"ื™ ื”ื”ืฉืงืคื” ื”ืฉืœืžื”, ื”ืžืœืื” ื—ืกื“ ื“' ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื•, ื™ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืื“ื ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื‘ ื‘ืฉื“ื™ ื”ืื ื”ื—ื™ื” ืœื ืœืžืขืŸ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื–ืงืชื• ืœืขืฉื•ืง ืื•ืชื• ืœืขืฆืžื•, ื›"ื ืœืžืขืŸ ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื ื™ืง ืืช ื™ืœื“ื” ื”ืจืš, ืืช ื”ื’ื“ื™ ืฉืœื” ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืœื” ืžื—ืœื‘ ืฉื“ื™ื”.
ื”ื’ื“ื™ ื”ื–ื” ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืชืขื ื’ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืื”ื‘ืช ืฉื“ื™ ืืžื• ืœืคื™ ืชื›ื•ื ืชื• ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื•, ื•ืื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžื—ื•ืœืฉืชื• ื”ื—ืžืจื™ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช ืฉื ืชื” ื•ืขื•ืชื” ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ื”ื’ื“ื™ ื”ืจืš ืœื ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ืœืคื™ ืขืจืš ืžื•ืกืจื• ื”ืฉืคืœ ืœื”ืชืจืคืง ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืื”ื‘ืช ืืžื• ื•ืœืฉืžื— ื’ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื–ื™ื• ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื›"ื ื™ืฉื—ื˜ ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืื›ืœื” ืœืงื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ื–ื•ืœืœื” ืœื ืคืฉื• ื”ื ืฉืคืœืช ื”ืื•ืžืจืช "ืื•ื›ืœื” ื‘ืฉืจ".
ื•ืžืขืชื” ืžื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื”ื—ืœื‘ ืื ืœื ืœื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ื”ื ืืช ื”ื’ื“ื™ ื”ื ืฉื—ื˜ ืฉื›"ื› ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื”ืจื›ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืืœื” ื”ืขืฆืžื™ื, ื”ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื”ื’ื“ื™ ื”ืจืš, ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืงื ืžืžื ื•? ืื‘ืœ, ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื! ืื–ื ื™ืš ืชืฉืžืขื ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืื—ืจื™ืš ืงื•ืœ ืืœื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ื— ื”ืงื•ืจื ืœืš: "ืœื ืชื‘ืฉืœ ื’ื“ื™ ื‘ื—ืœื‘ ืืžื•" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื’).
ืœื! ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื”ื’ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื ื” ื“ื•ืงื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื ื™ืš ื”ื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื—ื“ื• ืืžื ื ื’ื ืžื•ืจื˜ื• ืœืจื’ืœื™ ื”ืฉืคืœืชืš ื•ื–ื•ืœืœื•ืชืš ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ื‘ืฉืจ, ื•ื”ื—ืœื‘ ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืชื‘ืœื™ืŸ ืœืš ืœืžืœืื•ืช ืืช ืชืื•ืชืš ื”ืฉืคืœื”.
ื‘ื™ื“ืขืš ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื”ื—ืœื‘ ื‘ื™ื—ืฉ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืžืื›ืœ ื”ื ื›"ื› ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื, ื›"ื› ืžืชื•ืขื‘ื™ื, ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื ืื” ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื•ืื›ื™ืœื”, ืชื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ืžื•ืขื“ ื›ื™ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื—ื™ ืœื ื ื•ืฆืจื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื™ื‘ืชืš ื”ืชืื•ื ื™ืช, ื•ื”ื—ืœื‘ ืขืงืจื• ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœืžื™ ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจื• ื‘ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืœืžืœื ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื•, ื›ืžื• ืฉื—ืœื‘ ืฉื“ื™ ืืžืš ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ืœืžื‘ื˜ื— ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื ืงืชืš.
ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืขื ื”ื—ืœื‘ ื™ื›ืคื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืจื•ืฉื ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืฉื•ืžื• ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื ื—ืงืง ื’"ื› ืžืขืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืœื ืฆืžื— ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ืจื•ืข ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื, ืืฃ ืฉืขื•ื“ ืœื ื ืฉืœื ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื ืช ื”ืขืจืช ื”ืœื‘, ืœืขืช ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจื” ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื ืงืœ ื”ื”ืขืจื” ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ืช ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืฉืœื ืœื‘ื“ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื‘ืฉืจ ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืžื ื™ืขื”, ืžืฆื“ ืžืขืœืช ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืชื ืฉื ืœืจืืฉ, ื›" ื’ื ืืœ ื”ื—ืœื‘ ื”ื ื—ืœื‘ ื™ืฉ ืขืจืš ื—ื˜ื ื•ื’ื–ืœ ืžื•ืกืจื™, ื›ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื ืœืงื— ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืœืงื™ื—ืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ, ืข"ื™ ืฆืขืจื• ื•ื”ืคืกื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ ืข"ื™ ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื”, ืฉื™ื•ื›ืจื• ืื– ืžื˜ืขื ืฉืขืจื™ ืฆื“ืง ื”ื ืคืชื—ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืœื‘ืขืœื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืœื”ื ืžืชื ืช ืืœื”ื™ื ื ื›ื‘ื“ื”.
ื–ื” ื”ืื•ืจ ื™ื—ื“ื•ืจ ื“ื•ืงื ืข"ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ื—ืœื‘ ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืจื—ื‘ืชื• ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•, ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื™ืงืจืช ืขืจืš ืชืขื•ื“ืชื•, ื”ืชืขื•ื“ื” ื”ืืœืงื™ืช ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื” ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืจืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื”ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืฉื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' ื•ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื—ื•ืงื™ื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ืขืช ื”ืืœื”ื™ื ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœืช ืœืฆืจืฃ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืจ ืื—ืจ ื“ื•ืจ.
4 ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื ื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ (ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉื‘ืช ืงืž"ื’ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ):
ืฉื ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘"ื ืื•ืžืจ ืจืื™ืช ืžื™ืžื™ืš ื•ื›ื•' ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื”ื™' ืืจื‘ืข' ื–ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื–ื” ื•ื”ื ื“ื•ืžื ืฆื•ืžื— ื—ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื›ืœ ื' ืžืฆืคื” ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืชืื•' ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืคืจื™' ืฉืขื™"ื– ื”ื™' ืžืชืขืœื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืฆื•ืžื— ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืฆื•ืžื— ืžืชืื•ื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื—ื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืคืจื ืกื™ื ืฉืœื ื‘ืฆืขืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื•ืžื— ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื•ืžื— ืžืชืื•ื” ืœื”ืŸ ืฉืขื™"ื– ื ื›ื ืก ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืฆื•ืžื— ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื—ื™ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืžืชื’ื“ืœ ืžืžื ื• ื•ื›"ืฉ ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื™ืฆืคื• ืฉื™ืื›ืœ' ื”ืื“ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช' ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ' ื—ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืื“ื ืื•ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ื ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ื• ื•ื‘ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื ืฉืžืชื• ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืืœืงื™ ืžืžืขืœ ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงืชื• ื‘ืฉืจืฉื” ื›ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ืืชื ื”ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ื”' ื•ื’ื•' ื”ื•ื ืžืขืœ' ืขืžื•.
ืืžื ื ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื—ื™ ื‘ื•ืจื— ืžืŸ ื”ืื“ื ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืชืื•ื” ืœื• ืฉื™ืื›ืœื ื• ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืื– ื”ื•ื ืชืงื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื”ืžืื›ืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืžืชืขืœื” ืœืฉื•ืจืฉ ื ืฉืžืชื• ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื›ืž"ืฉ ื‘ืคืจืง ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืœื—ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืฉื”ืœื—ื ื™ืชืื•ื” ืฉื™ืื›ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื’ื“ ืœืœื•ื‘ืฉื• ื›ื™ ืขื™"ื– ื”ื•ื ืžืชืขืœื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ืืชื• ื•ื ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื–ื” ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืืฉืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืชื• ืืœื ืœืชืื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ืื›ืœ ื•ืฉื‘ืข ื•ื“ืฉืŸ ื•ืคื ื” ื•ื’ื•' ืฉืข"ื™ ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืื•ืช ื™ืฆืจื• ืจื ืœื‘ื‘ื• ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืขืข"ื– ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื›ืœ ื”ืžืชื’ืื” ื•ื›ื•' ื•ืœื›ืš ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืืžืจ ื•ืื›ืœืช ื•ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ืฉืžืจื• ืœื›ื ืคืŸ ื™ืคืชื” ื•ื›ื•'.
ื•ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ' ื–ื• ืื™ื ื• ืžืขืœื” ืืช ื”ืื›ื•ืœ ืืœื ืžืžื™ืชื• ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ืืžืจื• ื›ื™ ืฉืžืขืœื” ืืช ื”ืžืื›ืœ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ' ื ืคืฉื• ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืจืฉืขื™ื ืžื—ืกืจื™ื”ื• ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื”ื• ืžืžืขืœืชื• ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื™ืชืขืœื” ืข"ื™ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื•ืงืจื•ื‘ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืžื™ืชื• ืข"ื› ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ืจื— ืžืžื ื• ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ื•ืžื ื•ืฆื•ืžื— ื›ืฉื”ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื™ืชืขืœื” ื”ื“ื•ืžื ื‘ืฆื•ืžื— ื•ืฆื•ืžื— ื‘ื—ื™ ื•ืœื ื™ืงืœืงืœ ืื•ืชื•.
ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืืžืจ ืจืฉื‘"ื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื™' ื•ืขื•ืฃ ืžืชืคืจื ืกื™ื ืฉืœื ื‘ืฆืขืจ ื•ืืข"ืค ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื•ืชื ืขืœื™' ื’ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœื ื ื‘ืจืื• ืืœื ืœืฉืžืฉื ื™ ื•ืื ื™ ื ื‘ืจืืชื™ ืœืฉืžืฉ ืงื•ื ื™ ื ืžืฆื ืื ื™ ืžืขืœื™ื”ื• ืœืฉืจืฉื• ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื™' ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืชืื•ื•ืช ืืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืœื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืจืขื•ืชื™ ืžืขืฉื™ ื•ืงืคื—ืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืช' ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื›ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืงืœืงืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ืจื— ื•ื”ื•ืจื” ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืื ื”ืื“ื ืžื›ื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืชื• ืœื”ืขืœื•ืชื• ืœืฉืจืฉื• ื™ืฆืื”ื• ื›ืž"ืฉ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ื‘ืื• ืขืœื™ืš ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ื’ื•ืš ืฉื™ืจื“ืคื• ืื—ืจื™ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงื ื ื•ืง"ืœ.
5 ืขื™' ืชืจื’ื•ื ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ื•ื›ื™ ืชื‘ื•ืื• ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื ื˜ืขืชื ื›ืœ ืขืฅ ืžืื›ืœ ื•ืขืจืœืชื ืขืจืœืชื•" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™"ื˜, ื›"ื’) ืฉืชืจื’ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ื•ืขืจืœืชื ืขืจืœืชื•" โ€“ "ื•ืชืจื—ืงื•ืŸ ืจื—ืงื" ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคืกื•ืง.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *